3 Levels of Society Essay

Society consists of three levels: the upper, middle, and lower class. This was established by philosophers Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Marx stated his views, known as the Marxist Theory. The Marxist view of scientific socialism was based on the short writings and views from two social scientists. The theory conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels provided theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to gain a higher class in society. â€Å"They viewed crime as function of social demoralization, caused by the Capitalist society. While Karl Marx himself did not write much on the topic of crime, his views on the relationship between the concept of social conflict, this concept was first applied to criminology by three distinguished scholars: Willem Bonger, Ralf Dahrendorf, and George Vold.† (Pg. 269 Seigel Larry J.). Willem Bonger had the belief that society was divided into two groups, the â€Å"have’s† or â€Å"the ruling class† and the â€Å"have not’s† or â€Å"the inferior class†. The law is supposed to protect all classes of society, but in reality the law serves the will of the ruling class. Unless a situation is in a potentially harmful way of the ruling class, no actions are taken. But when actions such as crime affect the people of power and something has to be done, the legal system discriminates against the poor because of the capitalist society. Being the lower class, people are deprived of materials and are still monopolized by the upper class, they now are more likely to commit crime. Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society of today was organized into imperatively coordinated associations. There are two associations who make up society, the people who have authority and us it for social domination and then there’s those who lack authority and are dominated. He says that society needs to step away from the ruling of classes and adhere to the idea of authority. Ralf states that society is made up of competing interest groups and formed his own theory on human behavior called the â€Å"conflict theory†. This theory is based off of a few ideas, such as, social change is everywhere, social conflict is everywhere, and every element in society iis a contribution to its own change. George Vold argued that the laws are made to help politically orienteered groups, who seek aid by the government. They need help protecting their rights and interests so they need someone with forceful power to help. He feels that a law can be created be enough people who share the same view and interests. In the end every case and criminal situation involves conflict of some sort. Crime is viewed as a social demoralization, as stated earlier. All three of these distinguished scholars had their own theories, overlapping in belief or not, on how society and crime worked. Willem Bonger believed society was divided into two groups, the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"Have nots†. Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society was organized into imperatively coordinated associations. And George Vold said that the laws were/are made to help politically orienteered groups, who seek aid by the government.

High Fructose Corn Syrup

High-fructose corn syrup is an artificial sweetener generally used in the United States. It is so broadly used because it is both cost-effectively favorable and it helps to preserve food for extended periods of time. Some say that though it is favorable, it has ill effects. High Fructose Corn Syrup According to a 2008 USA Today Article, â€Å"high-fructose corn syrup makes up about 50% of the sweeteners used in the USA but worldwide it's only about 10%†. Every day we eat. We eat our home cooked meals or our fast food rarely thinking about what’s going into our bodies.Often times one of the first ingredients listed on a can of soda or canned fruit is some form of HFCS or high fructose corn syrup. This ingredient, while widely known, is a secret additive to many products in our grocery stores. High Fructose Corn Syrup is one of the cheapest to make but yet it is the hardest for the body to rid of. Since its introduction to food products nearly forty years ago, it has slow ly been added to most foods you feel your family. We as consumers may not pay attention to what goes into our bodies but more and more scientists are.The studies they are conducting mainly consist of trying to find links between HFCS and several major health problems; such as diabetes and obesity. Although key links have not been defined, they have managed to prove what amounts that can be consumed before harm can be determined. Even though these findings have been confirmed and made public, the FDA still considers HFCS to be safe for consumption. The FDA rule says that as long as a product has no chemicals added it cannot be labeled an â€Å"artificial ingredient†. The reason behind this is because HFCS are made from corn, it is not considered an artificial ingredient.The origin of High Fructose Corn Syrup takes its root in the mid 1970’s. A series of sugar tariffs and quotas were imposed in the United States. These restrictions had significantly increased the cost of imported sugar causing domestic producers to seek cheaper avenues. High-fructose corn syrup became a more economical substitue because the price of corn is kept low through government subsidies paid to its growers. As the United States use of high fructose corn syrup increased, sugar was replaced in most foods and beverages. There is USDA data from 2009 that shows the per capita use of high fructose corn syrup in the U.S. â€Å"was matched with an almost equal decline, on a one-to-one basis, in the per capita use of sugar. † (Sweet Surprize) So why is there mass campaign to revert back to sugar cane or beet sugar based sweetners? Americans have become more health conscious in the last forty years. Our fear of high-fructose corn syrup seems to have been derived from some very real concerns over the effects of its principal component, fructose. The coinsidence between the introduction of HFCS and the rise of obesity related diseases can no longer be ignored.Diabetes is a disea se with no cure that is running rampet through the country and heart failure remains a syndrome on high. Fructose, like glucose are basic sugars. Though your body processes basic sugars the same way, the results seem to be different. (Engber, 09) When ingesting glucose, the body is known to stimulate the release of body chemicals that regulate your food consumption. Fructose, on the other hand, does very little to suppress your appetite, and it seems to form new fat cells while maintaining the old.According to a recent research project conducted at Princeton University high-fructose corn syrup does indeed prompt a human to considerably gain weight. â€Å"Rats with access to high-fructose corn syrup gained significantly more weight than those with access to table sugar, even when their overall caloric intake was the same. † (Parker, 10)   In addition to causing significant weight gain in lab animals, long-term consumption of high-fructose corn syrup was also evaluated. The s ame research team found that HFCS led to abnormal increases in body fat. These increases seemed to be found in the abdomen area.Body fat was not the only increases found. It was also discovered that HFCS caused a rise in blood fats called triglycerides. The Corn Refiners Association (CRA) has spent $30 million to create a multimedia campaign to scream out to the masses that HFCS is just like sugar. (Engber, 09) The Princeton study, is not proving them wrong but are providing the details that show that while they are basic sugars, not all basic surgars are created equal. First, sucrose is composed of two simple sugars equally while fructose is not. The ratio in sucrose is 50:50 while fructose is 55:42. Parker, 10) The extra 3% is made up of saccharides, larger sugar molecules. Secondly, Princeton researchers zeroed in on the process in which makes sucrose and HFCS is different.The results showed that the molecues that make HFCS are unbound and free floating. In sucrose the fructose a nd sucrose molecues are bound to each other causing an extra metabolical process in order to be utilized for energy. This posed a quandary for the researchers. The rats consumed the same items, same caloric intake, yet those who consumed HFCS gained weight while those who did not, had not gained weight. Parker, 10) A little over a year earlier, the Washington Post published a study confirmed by both Enviornmental Science and Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy that there are traces of mercury in HFCS. â€Å"Almost half of tested samples of commercial high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) contained mercury. † [ (Washington Post, 09) ] This was result found in many products where HFCS is either the first or second ingredient listed on the label. While the article quote that nearly children and teenagers diet consists of nearly 80% HFCS, they remind readers that mercury at any level is toxic.The CRA responded that the information presented was based on old information and that the industry adapted non-mercury agents and that â€Å"these mercury-free re-agents perform important functions, including adjusting pH balances. † [ (Washington Post, 09) ] Regardless, we as well as our children are or have consumed an ingredient that has toxic traces. Over a lifetime, imagine what that can do to the human body. The CRA has been very careful when attacking the fear that HFCS is envoking. According to their website, they maintain the stance that HFCS are all natural.The page opens up with their statement that HFCS â€Å"†¦are natural and meet the Food and Drug Administration’s policy for use of the term â€Å"natural. † (CRA, 09) They also side step the specifics of the HFCS make up claiming that HFCS simply is â€Å"like table sugar, is composed of fructose and glucose† but that it is also â€Å"found in many other naturally-occurring foods†. In the end they seem to quietly divert blame to the FDA by stating the FDA â€Å"h as not established a formal definition of the term â€Å"natural† for food ingredients† but that they qualify for natural under the current definition.This is still despite the Washington Post article confirming that the FDA has the mercury information. While many of these studies continue to support the Princeton research, the CRA will continue to spend countless amounts of money to combat the findings. Though in the last decade this issue has become more promient, it will probably continue for years to come. In the meantime, obesity related diseases continue to rise. The cure is just out of reach but it seems that we can indivually take a stand. With many products using HFCS for various amount of sweetning, we can limit our in take.Limiting our in take is as simple as reading the labels of the food and drink you consume. Limit your fast food intake as well. While this seems to be old fashion or time consuming to some, we need to revert back to the days where meals whe re made from scratch. Cut up fresh vegetables and fruits and limit processed foods. Canned foods, frozen foods and even the juice we drink is laden with some form of HFCS. If we as consumers take responsibility for our own food in take, we may be able to reverse the (potential and known) effects of the ingredient in our bodies.As mentioned earlier, 80% of what children consume has some form of HFCS. With the increase in obesity (both child and adult) as well as other syndromes like ADD and Autism, can we assume that our food is to blame? Thinking about the age old idiom of â€Å"we are what we eat†, are we making our bodies and later our creating our children bodies to fall victim to these now chronic disorders? We have always heard to limit our sugar intake to retard the hyperactive tendencies. With that assumption the use of basic sugars have always sent off alarms when it comes to those with hyperactivity disorders.The association between sugar and hyperactivity disorders began by a Harvard researcher in the the 1960’s. He claimed his findings showed that certain food colorings and sugars caused ADHD in children. (Ayoob) Though it has been said that this researchers findings could not be reproduced, the statement has stuck for years. Many mothers refuse to give their children sugar for fear of over stimulation. They were right, to an extent. As many know, sugar does produce spurts of energy as it is being digested. Couple that with a child and you have one bouncy human being.With each person metabolizing sugar a bit differently, mistakes or a misdiagnosis can easily be made. It would be easy to initially mistaken a sugar high child for one with with ADD or any other related syndrome. An unknowing parent, may not know how much sugar the child is consuming and mistakenly percieves this as a â€Å"problem child† with a hyperactive disorder. The parent in turn speaks with a doctor, discusses all the symptoms and after a series of tests, the truth comes to light. I have a child that has a level of autism and ADHD.It was suggested to me, much like Dr. Anne Kelly suggests, that eliminating chemicals from their diets can help limit ADHD triggers. Dr. Kelly also shares how children with these disorders are more sensitive to toxins found in food. Toxins like the previously mentioned mercury found in HFCS. [ (Howard, 10) ] I have children, I have family members and friends affected by obesity and its consequences. I am not within my BMI, and neither are most people I know but what this assignment has taught me is that we shouldn’t take for granted what we consume.For a period of time while researching and writing this paper, I thought what it would entail to grow my own garden. While I am sure that there will be a lot of trial and error, I just might be able to do something small at least. Meanwhile, I will pratice what I preach and pay attention to labels as I shop for groceries. Sadly, time management is an issue as I juggle both my children and their schooling with my own. We are a busy family just like many others. An effort must and will be made to pay attention to the items I purchase. Normal, quick and easy items I would purchase would now be turned into treats if even that.As I sit here and contemplate, I can see where an undertaking of this nature would be life altering in a sense. How I allocate my time, my childrens time besides what we consume is all under review. My mind wonders to what kitchen appliances and utenzils do I have to upkeep this adjustment, what do I have to buy or learn how to do myself. I was raised in a busy working family where many of my own meals were microwaved. Though I try hard now to not make that a normal occurance for my children, it happens more often than I would care to admit.Though the research and arguments will continue for years to come, I will take action today. I will make strides for my family and friends to choose healthier alternatives and maybe even find joy in cooking. Bring cooking back to what it once was, a family event. Where family can come together and catch up, talk and reconnect. Who knew that research could lead to life adjustements.Works CitedAyoob, K. -T. (n. d. ). High Fructose Corn Syrup and ADD/ADHD in Children: Is There a Link or Is It a Myth? Retrieved 12 08, 10, from Sweet Surprize: http://www. sweetsurprise. com/hfcs-and-your-family/your-childs-diet/hfcs-adhd  CRA. (09, 12).CORN SWEETENERS ARE NATURAL. Retrieved 12 08, 10, from Corn Refiners of America: http://www. corn. org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/CornSweetenerNatural. pdf Engber, D. (09, 04 28).The decline and fall of high-fructose corn syrup. Retrieved 12 08, 10, from Slate Magazine: http://www. slate. com/id/2216796 Howard, C. (10, 02 26).Toxins in our food may play a role in neurobehavioral problems. Retrieved 12 08, 10, from Peoria Journal Star Online: http://www. pjstar. com/features/x2112775064/Toxins-in-our-food-may-play-a-role-in-neurobeh avioral-problems Parker, H. (10, 03 22).A sweet problem: Princeton researchers find that high-fructose corn syrup prompts considerably more weight gain. Retrieved 12 08, 10, from Princeton Univeristy News Online: http://www. princeton. edu/main/news/archive/S26/91/22K07/ Sweet Surprize. (n. d. ).Fructose Availability. Retrieved 12 08, 10, from Sweet Surprize: http://www. sweetsurprise. com/myths-and-facts/faqs-high-fructose-corn-syrup/fructose Washington Post. (09, 01 29).Study Finds High-Fructose Corn Syrup Contains Mercury. Retrieved 12 08, 10, from Washington Post Online: http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/26/AR2009012601831. html High Fructose Corn Syrup High Fructose Corn Syrup: Friend or Enemy We eat every day, rarely thinking about what’s going into our bodies. Take soda, for example, when was the last time you read the label before taking a sip? For me, it is never. One of the first ingredients listed on the can is HFCS or high fructose corn syrup. This ingredient is a secret additive to many products in today's market. High Fructose Corn Syrup is one of the cheapest to make and hardest to get rid of in the body. Since its introduction to food products in the 70's it has slowly been added to most foods, even ketchup. More and more scientists are trying to find links between HFCS and several major health problems; such as diabetes and obesity. Although a major link has not been definitely determined to date, minor links have been proven such as such as the amounts that can be consumed before harm can be determined. Even though some minor associations have been made the FDA still considers HFCS to be safe for consumption. The reason for this is because HFCS is not considered an artificial ingredient. The rule considered is as long as a product has no signs of a chemical added it cannot be labeled an â€Å"artificial ingredient†. In researching the origin of High Fructose Corn Syrup I found out that mercury was found in the product. Even with this new information, the FDA still allows this product to be used in 94% of the foods we consume every day. Why would you need to put HFCS in baby formula? In places like England and France they have practically banned HFCS and made it difficult to use in the entire country. The European Union has a deal with the Sugar Refiners to only use natural cane and beet sugars. High Fructose or Syrup as you now knows are any almost everything we eat and drink. But what you don't know is what it is really doing inside your body. High Fructose Corn Syrup started being mass produced in 1982. It was around that time that researchers noticed an increase in children developing type II diabetes. Obesity around the country has soared. Type 2 diabetes is related to the body's inability to effectively use the insulin that is produced by the pancreas. This is thought to be directly related to weight. It has been proven that HFCS also cause heart problems. This is also thought to be weight related. Despite all the recent attempts to try and prove HFCS unhealthy effects, the Corn Refiners Association has come out with campaigns in High Fructose Corn Syrup's defense. They state the HFCS are not bad and are ok when eaten in moderation. There is no such thing as moderation when it is found in 94 % of the food. While more cons can be found than pros for HFCS; the Corn RefinersAssociation stands behind their product. In fact all the pros I found came from the CRA. The only truth I found was that it is cheaper to produce. Their website has no real information; and in fact called what many to believe to be truths myths. Although the Corn Refiners Association proved to be pointless my endless goggle search did take me too many blogs and organizations which I found to be very informative. Even though the bloggers were only expressing their opinion, many found HFCS to be repulsive. Many of the organizations say they are 20 xs bad for your health. The most informative was HighFructoseCornSyrup. com they are a group of bloggers that I agree with. Each of their articles deal with HFCS in the media and how it is affecting us as a society. After reading all this information and making my way through my research, I began to question what I was eating. Is this slurpee chockfull of HFCS? Of course, just look at how sweet it is. Is my burger only good because that ketchup it’s covered with is full of â€Å"sugar†, I mean high fructose corn syrup? Maybe I'm just losing it because I didn't want to believe what I had been hearing for years was true. Is my weight gain because I eat too much or is it the Additive that is in so many of the foods I eat that caused the weight gain in the first place? Hmm! Although it has been on the market for about 35 years most thought their weight gain was cased only by a lack of exercise. With obesity at epidemic proportions many are starting to question is it something in the food too? High Fructose Corn Syrup High Fructose Corn Syrup: Friend or Enemy We eat every day, rarely thinking about what’s going into our bodies. Take soda, for example, when was the last time you read the label before taking a sip? For me, it is never. One of the first ingredients listed on the can is HFCS or high fructose corn syrup. This ingredient is a secret additive to many products in today's market. High Fructose Corn Syrup is one of the cheapest to make and hardest to get rid of in the body. Since its introduction to food products in the 70's it has slowly been added to most foods, even ketchup. More and more scientists are trying to find links between HFCS and several major health problems; such as diabetes and obesity. Although a major link has not been definitely determined to date, minor links have been proven such as such as the amounts that can be consumed before harm can be determined. Even though some minor associations have been made the FDA still considers HFCS to be safe for consumption. The reason for this is because HFCS is not considered an artificial ingredient. The rule considered is as long as a product has no signs of a chemical added it cannot be labeled an â€Å"artificial ingredient†. In researching the origin of High Fructose Corn Syrup I found out that mercury was found in the product. Even with this new information, the FDA still allows this product to be used in 94% of the foods we consume every day. Why would you need to put HFCS in baby formula? In places like England and France they have practically banned HFCS and made it difficult to use in the entire country. The European Union has a deal with the Sugar Refiners to only use natural cane and beet sugars. High Fructose or Syrup as you now knows are any almost everything we eat and drink. But what you don't know is what it is really doing inside your body. High Fructose Corn Syrup started being mass produced in 1982. It was around that time that researchers noticed an increase in children developing type II diabetes. Obesity around the country has soared. Type 2 diabetes is related to the body's inability to effectively use the insulin that is produced by the pancreas. This is thought to be directly related to weight. It has been proven that HFCS also cause heart problems. This is also thought to be weight related. Despite all the recent attempts to try and prove HFCS unhealthy effects, the Corn Refiners Association has come out with campaigns in High Fructose Corn Syrup's defense. They state the HFCS are not bad and are ok when eaten in moderation. There is no such thing as moderation when it is found in 94 % of the food. While more cons can be found than pros for HFCS; the Corn RefinersAssociation stands behind their product. In fact all the pros I found came from the CRA. The only truth I found was that it is cheaper to produce. Their website has no real information; and in fact called what many to believe to be truths myths. Although the Corn Refiners Association proved to be pointless my endless goggle search did take me too many blogs and organizations which I found to be very informative. Even though the bloggers were only expressing their opinion, many found HFCS to be repulsive. Many of the organizations say they are 20 xs bad for your health. The most informative was HighFructoseCornSyrup. com they are a group of bloggers that I agree with. Each of their articles deal with HFCS in the media and how it is affecting us as a society. After reading all this information and making my way through my research, I began to question what I was eating. Is this slurpee chockfull of HFCS? Of course, just look at how sweet it is. Is my burger only good because that ketchup it’s covered with is full of â€Å"sugar†, I mean high fructose corn syrup? Maybe I'm just losing it because I didn't want to believe what I had been hearing for years was true. Is my weight gain because I eat too much or is it the Additive that is in so many of the foods I eat that caused the weight gain in the first place? Hmm! Although it has been on the market for about 35 years most thought their weight gain was cased only by a lack of exercise. With obesity at epidemic proportions many are starting to question is it something in the food too?

Hkcee Past Paper

hk FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION PRACTICE PAPER MATHEMATICS COMPULSORY PART PAPER 1 ( ) PROVISIONAL MARKING SCHEME This marking scheme has been prepared by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority for teachers’ reference. Teachers should remind their students NOT to regard this marking scheme as a set of model answers. Our examinations emphasise the testing of understanding, the practical application of knowledge and the use of processing skills.Hence the use of model answers, or anything else which encourages rote memorisation, will not help students to improve their learning nor develop their abilities in addressing and solving problems. The Authority is counting on the co-operation of teachers in this regard. Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority All Rights Reserved 2012 PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 1 Â © , , , , , ,? , , , FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY , , ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?, ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?, ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? : , , , , , , , , ? ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , , , , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ; ? ; ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , , , , , , , ;? , , , , a. M A (u) 1 PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 2 8. 1. 3. 4. 7. 5. 2. 6. c. d. b. u-1 pp-1 M (1) 1 A (pp) M (2) u FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY pp 1 1 1 (1) (1) A (2) (2) (m 5 n ? 2 ) 6 m 4 n ? 3 m 30 n ? 2 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1. = = m 4 n ? 3 m30 ? 4 n12 ? 3 1M 1M 1A ———-(3) m 26 = n9 2. 1M 1M 1A 3ab = 2b ? 5 2b ? 5 a= 3b 1M 1M 1A ———-(3) 3. (a) 9 x 2 ? 42 xy + 49 y 2 1A (b) 9 x 2 ? 42 xy + 49 y 2 ? 6 x + 14 y 1M 1A ———-(3) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 3 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY = (3x ? 7 y ) 2 ? 2(3x ? 7 y ) = (3x ? 7 y )(3 x ? 7 y ? 2) = (3x ? 7 y ) 2 ? 6 x + 14 y = (3x ? 7 y ) 2 5+b 3b 3b ? (5 + b) a= 3b 2b ? 5 a= 3b a = 1? ? 5+b = 3b 1? a 5 + b = 3b(1 ? a) ? 5+b = 3b 1? a 5 + b = 3b(1 ? a) 5 + b = 3b ? 3ab 3b(1 ? a) a 3b(1 ? a) a (a) ? ap = a p ? q a ? (ab) p = a pb p (a p )q = a pq ap 1 = q? p q a a ? ? ? ? 4. $x x (80%) = 360 (1 + 30%) 360(1. 3) x= 0. 8 x = 585 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY pp? 1 1M + 1M 1M+1M+1A 1A u? 1 = 1M+1M+1A 1M + 1M 1A u? 1 ———-(4) 5. x y pp? 1 ?x 4 ? = ? y 3 ? 7 x + 9 y = 11 ? 1A+1A 1A u? 1 x pp? 1 1A+1M+1A 1A y= u? 1 ———-(4) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 4 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY , ? , x= 4 5 1A 0. 8 4 5 ? ? ? 3x ? 7 x + 9 ? ? = 11 ? 4 ? 4 5 ? ? ? ? 3x ? 7 x + 9 ? ? = 11 ? 4 ? 4 x= 5 1M 0. 8 ? ? 360 (1 + 30%) 80% = $ 585 ? ? $ 585 x (80%) 360 (1 + 30%) 360 (1 + 30%) 80% ? ? ? ? , ? , , , ? x y 3x + 1M 4 7 x + 9 y = 11 6. (a) ? AOC = 337Â ° ? 157Â ° = 180Â ° A O FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1M C 1A (b) BO ? AC ? ABC = 1 (13 + 15)(14) 2 = 196 1M 1A ———-(4) 7. 180Â ° ? 36Â ° 2 ? ABC = 72Â ° ? ABC = 1A u? 1 180Â ° ? 36Â ° 2 ? ACB = 72Â ° ? BCD = 90Â ° ? ACB = ?ACD = 90Â ° ? 72Â ° = 18Â ° ? ABD = ? ACD = 18Â ° 1A u? 1 ———-(4) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 5 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY ? ? BAC = ? BDC = 36Â ° AB = AC ? ACB = ? ABC 1M 1M 1A ?ABD = ? ABC ? CBD = 72Â ° ? 54Â ° = 18Â ° ? ? ?BCD = 90Â ° ? CBD = 180Â ° ? 90Â ° ? 36Â ° = 54Â ° ? BAC = ? BDC = 36Â ° AB = AC ? ACB = ? ABC 1A 1M 1M ? AOC ? ? ? , ? , , ? , ? , , ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? 8. (a) FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1A pp–1 1A P pp–1 (b) ( x , y) ( x ? 3) 2 + ( y ? 4) 2 = ( x ? 5) 2 + ( y ? (? 2)) 2 1M+1A 1A A? B ? ? 3 + 5 4 + (? 2) ? =? , ? 2 ? 2 ? = (4 , 1) 1M A? B? 4 ? (? 2) = 3? 5 = ? 3 1A 1A ———-(5) 9. (a) =5? 5 =0 2? 2 1M 1A = 5? 2 =3 (b) 1A 1A ———-(5) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 6 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY ? , ? ? ? , ? , ? , r =9 9 + 8 > 12 + s s 12 1A ———-(2) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 8 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY ? , , ? , , ? 16 ? 2 2 = 7 km/h 7>6 = 12 2 = 6 km/h x 12 = 78 120 x = 7 . 8 78 : 120 = 63 ? 32 = 31 1M 1A u? 1 ———-(2) ? ? , ? ? 13. (a) FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY pp? 1 n 6 3 = n 20 n = 40 1M k = 40 ? 6 ? 11 ? 5 ? 10 =8 (b) (i) 1M 1A ———-(3) 1M 1A u? 1 = (ii) m pp? 1 1M 1A ———-(4) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 9 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY , 5 + m (45)(2) = 40 + m 360 20 + 4m = 40 + m 3m = 20 20 3 5 (360Â °) 40 = 45Â ° 5+m n+m ? ? ? ? 14. (a) ? BCD ~ ? OA D FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 2A ———-(2) 1M 1M (b) (i) (b) 1M AD CD ( 0 , 4) pp–1 1M 1M (ii) AC OABC (3 , 2 ) OABC OABC k1 k2 ?0 + 0 + k1 (0) + k 2 (0) + k3 = 0 ? ? 2 2 ? 6 + 0 + k1 (6) + k 2 (0) + k3 = 0 ? 2 2 ? 0 + 4 + k1 (0) + k 2 (4) + k 3 = 0 ? 2 2 1M 1A ———-(7) OABC x + y ? 6x ? 4 y = 0 PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 10 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 2 2 k1 = ? 6 k 2 = ? 4 k3 = 0 ? ? ? ? , x + y + k1 x + k 2 y + k3 = 0 k3 2 2 ? ( x ? 3) 2 + ( y ? 2) 2 = 13 ? (3 ? 0) + (4 ? 2) 2 = 13 2 1A x 2 + y 2 ? 6x ? 4 y = 0 1M ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , , ? , ? ? , ? ? , ? , ) ( h 2 ? 24h + 80 = 0 h=4 h = 20 C 1A ( ) ? ? ? 12 ? h ? ? 2 2 ? 6 + 12 ? ? = 16 ? 45 ? 2 ? , ? ? ? C (0 , h) 16 ? CD ? ? ? = 45 ? AD ? 2 ? ? 15. (a) FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY s 36 ? 48 = ? 2 s s=6 1M 66 ? 48 6 =3 = 1A ———-(2) (b) 1 ———-(2) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 11 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1M 1A ? , , , ? ? , , ? ? 16. (a) FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY = 1M 1A = 1A ———-(2) 0. 112 (b) 1M 1A = = = 30 C4 1M 1A 1M 1A 1M 1A ———-(2) = 530 609 PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 12 FO R TEACHERS’ USE ONLY ? 18 12 11 10 ? ? 18 17 12 11 ? ? 18 ? ? 17 16 ? ? 12 ? = 4 ? ? + 6 ? ? + 4 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 30 29 28 27 ? ? 30 29 28 27 ? ? 30 ? ? 29 28 ? ? 27 ? ? 68 ? 2 11 10 9 ? ? ? ? 609 ? 30 29 28 27 ? 530 = 609 = 1? 530 609 18 12 18 12 18 12 C1 C3 + C 2 C2 + C3 C1 530 609 ? = 1? 12 68 C4 ? 30 609 C 4 1 – (a) – p1 0. 870 3 0. 870 1 – (a) – p2 0. 870 14 0. 870 , ? ? 18 17 16 15 ? = ? ? ? 30 29 28 27 ? 68 = 609 1M 68 609 0. 112 ? r r ? 1 r ? 2 r ? 3 ? ? ? n n ? 1 n ? 2 n ? 3 ? ? ? ? 18 C4 30 C4 r 9 000 000 1 ? 0 . 8 (0. 8) n < 0. 1 n log 0. 8 < log 0. 1 n> log 0. 1 log 0. 8 n > 10. 31885116 11 n 1M 1A (ii) 1A (iii) = ( ( ) 1M )( ) 1M 1A ———(10) PP-DSE-MATH-CP 1? 16 FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY ? 2 000 000 (1 ? (0. 8) m ) 4 000 000 (1 ? (0. 64) m ) ? 0 m (0. 8) ? 1 < 0 m ? 2 000 000(1 ? (0. 8) m ) 4 000 000(1 ? (0. 64) m ) ? 1 ? 0 . 8 1 ? 0. 64 10 ? ? = 10 000 000 ? (1 ? (0. 8) m ) ? (1 ? (0. 64) m ) ? 9 ? ? 10 ? ? = 10 000 000 ? (1 ? (0. 8) m ) ? (1 ? (0. 8) 2m ) ? 9 ? ? 10 000 000 m 2 m = 10 ((0. 8) ) ? 9(0. 8) ? 1 9 10 000 000 = 10 (0. 8) m + 1 (0. 8) m ? 1 9 m (0. 8) m > 0 (0. 8) m < 1 1M < 2 000000 + 2 000000(1 ? 20%) + 2 000000(1 ? 20%)2 + L 2 000 000 = 1 ? 0. = 10 000 000 $ 10 000 000 1M 2 000000 + 2 000000(1 ? 20%) + L + 2 000000(1 ? 20%)n? 1 > 9 000000 $ 9 000 000 ? ? ? , , , ? , , ? , ? ? FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A C A D D 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. C B D A B D A A B C D C A D C C B C D B D B A B C 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. FOR TEACHERS’ USE ONLY D B C D A B A C A C B A B D C

Labor Relations and employee relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labor Relations and employee relations - Essay Example After defining the two terms unions and labor it's easier to understand what type of relationship exists between the two. A union tries to combine the problems of the labor force and present it in front of the management to increase the weight age of the problem as a whole. The unions and labor should go along incase mutual benefits are expected. If members of the labor force does not collaborate with each other than a union is useless. If unions need to succeed they need to have large memberships. Labor unions can make organizations accept their demands by negotiating and if that doesn't work out then the strength of the unions determines whether a strict action like going on a strike or abandoning work can be taken. Labor unions also try to make the organization help labor in their bad times for example if a labor worker has a family member suffering from a disease that is expensive to cure than the organization can help that person financially if the labor union puts pressure on t he management. Effects of labor union relationship can be diverse for an organization. Collective bargaining has seen a decline in the US workplace lately. In the beginning when unions started to operate studies proved that they have no effects on financial improvements of an organization in fact they proved to be negatively affecting an organizations performance. These results were denied later as newer studies showed opposite results even though collective bargaining was on a decline. Hence effects of labor unions can be different for different organizations depending upon the situation and atmosphere of the organization. Ans. B The effects of employee relations' strategy, policies and practices have been huge on organizational performance but here we will highlight the most relevant and important ones. Employee relations' strategy is basically created and implied to make the work environment friendlier and to make the employees collaborate with each other and work as a team when needed. The effects of employee relations' strategies, policies and practices should obviously be positive on the organizational performance. The previous sentence states a fact but situation and atmosphere of an organization can alter this fact. Other factors that can change this fact include the type of strategies, policies and practices that are being implied. For example if the organization favors group work and has employee relations strategies, policies and practices based on these concepts than organizational performance can improve if team work or group work is given more opportunities in the daily operations, but in the sam e way if groups and teams are not made properly or the groups or team members are unable to co-operate which each other due to some reasons than the organizational performance can decline. In the same way if an organization follows the individualistic approach in its workplace and strategies that are based on this concept are implied then a worker would find it difficult to work effectively if teams or groups are made hence the organizational performance would decline and if he is made to do work alone and given proper incentives individually then his performance would improve resulting in the improvement of organizational performance. In the same way if the employee relations strategies, policies and practices are changed then a quick adoption is impossible hence it does affect organizational performance and usually it's in a negative manner. Changing employee

Field Sales Experience Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Field Sales Experience Paper - Assignment Example I Tunes software serve the purpose of music transfer from computers to device by the use of Apple versions and operating systems of Microsoft windows. By the use of the description above, the salesperson hold prospects and attract the individual’s attention stimulating the desire and interest on the product. The customer is then left with the option to take action on the product. The customer is also presented with the opportunity to try, touch and hold the I Pod. The sales person uses a variety of presentation to win the customer. The first approach is by stimulus response. This is where by the sales person employ the use of appealing features of the I Pod as described, one after the other. The other way of presentation is the selling formula. It involves repetitive and memorized specifications of a product. Lastly, there is satisfaction of need formula. Being that each and every customer has different needs, the presentation should be aimed at a specific customer. During the time of sales the sales person makes sure that he addresses all the information needed to the buyer of the product and overcome the objections. For a sales person to overcome objections, the following should be taken into consideration: addressing and seeking out of objections, avoid coming up with objections not raised by the prospect, counter and anticipate the objection before the customer, the sales person should be satisfied by the price before selling of the product, retrieve information on the budget of the customer, and know the products value. For instance, I Pod is required by mostly the younger generation that needs to carry a lot of information in a portable drive and in the same time be able access movies and music. In this case, the customer’s need is a drive that can compress and satisfy different tastes of the targeted customer (Wood and Kotler). The sales person should be in a position to spot the needs of the

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 76

No topic - Essay Example The ideological difference between the Asian drama and the western drama shows a perfectly structured media system in terms of respect for the culture and citizenship as a whole. This research paper explains concepts necessary for understanding of media of globalization and citizenship. Korean Wave (and Korea Herald articles): Korean wave as a global concept plays a very vital role in the understanding of the media of globalization. This is because as a media personality, comparing and contrasting the various views regarding Korean wave as international concept. Significance of the Korean wave additionally brings in the notion of globalization culturally in inter-Asian cultural studies (p.50). Per se, understanding of media of globalization and citizenship requires outstandingly unique and worldly accepted concepts. The Korean Wave presents such uniquely required concepts especially in looking at this cultural media of globalization and citizenship. Korean wave concept liberally presents the concepts of racial proximity, cultural proximity and their limitations. This implies that media of globalization and citizenship is a conglomerate mass media concept which should be an important part of

Neiman Marcus Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neiman Marcus - Case Study Example The strength of Neiman Marcus lies in the department and specialty stores of its product lines. It should heavily focus upon expanding its emerging business segments such as that of shoe through its specialized business forms. Finding large areas for store openings all over the world should be undertaken. Large areas with separate segments for men, women and children can be generated. Visual merchandizing in various parts of the world is perhaps the best pathway that would lead the company towards achievement of its long-term strategic goals. For enhancing performance, NM should undertake massive research on the tastes and preferences of consumers in the selected global markets. Through the research, NM would be in a position to target several segments of the market offering each segment with wide ranges of products. The most important consideration would be, however, to strive towards finding out ways of offering the varied ranges of products under a single roof. On the other hand, the company should also analyze that the new business move gives rise to its financial performance enhancement as well. Thus, merchandizing would provide an effective pathway for the enhancement of business performance. The action plan being provided within this segment of the case analysis would enhance performance of the business and would also make them strive for sustainable growth opportunities. The position statement of the case induces upon the necessity for developing and implementing corporate strategies for growing both in the short-term as well as in the long-term. Identification of competitors’ core areas of strength has led towards the urge for developing sustainable competitive strategies. Identification and implementation of various practices and developments are thus essential. The most effective decision for Neiman Marcus at this stage would be to generate and evaluate opportunities for expanding globally. Groups holding potential for effective merchandizing in various parts of the world are required to be approached. Along with merchandizing, the company should also look for opportunities of leading joint venture businesses. Opportunities within the success of present businesses should be recognized.  

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International business - Essay Example FCPA has played a major role in discouraging corruption in international business. Transparency International index also reveals countries that have been involved in corrupt international deals. Scandinavian countries have been listed as the countries which are mostly corrupt in terms of international business. US is listed 19th in that list from the data released in 2013. However, this does not mean that American Companies do not engage in this malpractice. Currently WalMart is under investigation for bribing Mexican officials with over $ 30 million to open their stores in that country. It is no wonder WalMart has gained roots in Mexico. Wal-Mart has extended its operations to Mexico therefore posing so much threat to Comercil a Mexican retail chain shop. Wal-Mart has been a strong competitor especially since NAFTA’s lifted its tariffs which were posing a significant threat to WalMart operations. Mexico joined GATT which has liberalized the trade space allowing free entry and exit of businesses. FCPA aims at training and employing more officials in order t o avert this malpractice. This will only be possible if the FCPA works together with the department of

Ethics Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Critique - Essay Example If the drivers are well understood, it is possible to justify the moral judgment using psychological research. However, some people will make moral judgment without being driven by anything but out of other factors such as influence. Sometimes, it may be impossible to differentiate if the decision was made for given motives or out of influence. In such cases, it becomes impossible to use psychological research to justify the moral judgment. This essay argues that the capability of psychological research to justify moral judgment depends on whether the motives and factors leading the judgment are understood. Psychological research which explains how human beings make moral judgments can be used to justify a given judgment or action. Although there is no clear reason, why people make certain choices and not others, people will tend to justify their actions depending on the circumstances. In Greene’s (363) opinion, humans wish to make judgments based on reasoning. However, most o f them end up making their decisions based on emotions. Therefore, if the emotions are well understood, it is possible to understand how humans will justify their actions, or the possible reasons that they will give for their actions. In Greene opinion, (364) â€Å"People tend to have emotional responses to personal moral violations, responses that incline them to judge against performing those actions.† However, it sometimes becomes hard to justify actions since some people make decisions without even thinking. It is only after making a decision that humans try to reason as they seek to justify their action or decide if it was right or wrong. Since it is well understood that people tend to make decisions depending on their intuitions, it only requires the researcher to understand the intuitions of the person making the decision to be able to tell the way they will justify their actions. Since there are no reasons for doing certain actions, it is possible to predict the way p eople will justify their moral judgment. It is possible to justify moral judgment using psychological research since people will justify actions as wrong or right depending on how the society views certain actions. Aristotle (173-174) claims that if a certain action is perceived to be wrong and a person commits it, it is obvious that he or she will try to find any reasons that will make the action appear right. Therefore, it only requires one to understand perceptions of the society regarding certain actions to be able to predict or tell how the doer of any action will justify it. Another reason why psychological research can be used to justify a given judgment is that some actions are performed out of obedience and not reason. It thus requires the researcher to know the motivation behind certain action. If an action of political aggression is performed, the doer will obviously justify the action by giving political reasons. For example, a dictator is likely to justify their dictato rial actions by demonstrating why humans require to be forced to act in a certain way. A person doing charity work will justify their actions by finding reasons on how their actions are helpful to others. Additionally, Milgram (184) posits that some actions are performed out of rebellion. If the researcher understands the nature of person performing a given action, then it is possible to justify the action without understanding the reason behind it. It only requires one to understand the nature of the person doing the action to be able to pre

Case6 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case6 - Article Example For this reason, the state has encouraged several new fund-raising suggestions, including the one advanced by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. He has tried to find new firefighting funds with an insurance surcharge on all home and business owners that would likely raise $130 million extra yearly. Some of the cash will be used to cover the cost the state’s fire department called Cal-Fire This is a general alternative that the state would have to finance state services in California because since Cal-Fire’s budget comes widely from the state’s general fund incurred by all California’s taxpayers. According to San Diego senator, Christine Kehoe, the citizens are not paying enough for fire protection and argue that frenzied buildings in rural areas increase the burden of state of firefighters. In this regard, the senator has introduced a bill in the state legislature similar to what the LAO is proposing an annual fee paid by resident who live in rural areas to help offset the cost of firefighting. CalFire’s mission has changed as well. The service is mandated with protecting 31 million acres of wild land which includes the states timber stands, watershed and huge agriculture lands. CalFire protects lands that benefit the public in general. I agree with the sentiment that fire fighting could be financed by tax. The local government of respective states should introduce tax on people so that whenever fires break out, it can be easily contained because of the availability of fire fighting resources. It is rational to argue that if there was a taxpayer staying in the place with no or little risk of a fire or wildfire, they should be able to pay for services if a fire or wildfire was close their home. If this could be the case, I think that Tennessee could get ways to utilize those funds to enhance firefighting in where they lack the resources. I concur with the argument that If a charge for service was introduced, it would have to be conducted

Patients in Pain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patients in Pain - Research Paper Example The study is a qualitative research conducted in natural settings, and uses data that are words or text rather than numerical in order to describe the experiences that are being studied as recommended (LoBiondo-Wood, 2010). Ten (10) participants were selected from a sample size of twenty (20) nurses from three (3) hospitals. They were given in-depth, unstructured interviews in form of dialogues focusing on their care of patients in pain. The study was conducted to appraise the problem: hospitalized patients still suffer from pain due to poorly managed nursing processes. The study question is: â€Å"what are the nurses’ experiences when caring for patients in pain?† The research study is phenomenological; that is aimed at obtaining a description of an experience as it is lived in order to understand the meaning of that experience for those who have it. It is also non-experimental; that is the investigator observes a phenomenon without manipulating the independent variabl e and finally it is qualitative; that is research about human experiences whose data types are words or text rather than numerical in order to describe the experiences that are being studied (Auerbach,  et al 1990) Overview of the Study In virtually all hospitals world over hospitalized patients report the same thing: pain. This is in spite of a wider knowledge-base, the advancements in technological as well as a wealth of research (Auerbach,  et al 1990). The professionals who are charged with pain assessment and the administration of analgesia or other relief are the Nurses. On the face of it, it might appear automatic to point an accusing finger on them as failing in their duties. However a closer look on these complaints exposes several situations; that is one, nurses usually do not make decisions independently as to the prescription of drugs meaning that what they may consider as a prescription ideal to a paining situation may differ from issued guidelines, inter alia. Nurs es therefore do not have a free hand to operate mainly due to their relationship with the ‘gate-keepers’; that is the physicians (Walker, J2002), in spite of the problems and costs associated with and inherent in unrelieved postoperative pain (Walker, J2002). This therefore makes it essential for researchers, physicians as well as nurses and patients to deeply understand the strengths and weaknesses of the nursing profession in the process of achieving pain relief for hospitalized patients. Other barriers include:- Anxiety: Most nurses are anxious about the possible consequences of using opioid drugs, such as respiratory depression and addiction. Assessment Inadequacies: owing to the huge workload on most nurses on the one hand, and the organizational ineffectiveness (Shealy, 2006) on the other, pain assessment by nurses is usually inadequate as well. However, it has been observed that most of researches conducted have tended to conclude negatively with regard to nurses and their pain management. Conclusion about the Strength of Evidence/Findings The study exposed that the challenges encountered by nurses while caring for hospitalized patients in pain can more easily be understood if the role of a nurse is viewed from a goal-directed mission standpoint; that is an aim towards relieving

My life In Hong Kong Essay Example for Free

My life In Hong Kong Essay Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, had said, â€Å"Ang taong hindi marunong tumingin sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa patutunguhan.†[1]   One must always know how to go back to one’s roots.   The essence of one’s life is greatly reflected by the ability to remember the path taken to get to where one is headed.   One’s achievements are also highlighted by the reflections brought about by the environment that shaped one’s own vision and mission in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At this point in my life, where career opportunities are being shot at me from every direction, indecisiveness slowly creeps in to the corners of my mind:   what do I really want to do?   And one answer always keeps coming up:   I want to change the world.   Clichà ©, yes.   Probably impossible as well.   However, all grand actions in this world began with baby steps.   As for me, this research paper is my very own baby step.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite still being undecided as to what the conclusion to my studies would be, as to what career path I would take, as to which country I would serve, this research paper will aid me in whatever ministry I decide to do. This research paper will lay down the path of understanding diverse professional and career opportunities.   If I decide to enter the corporate world and work under its marketing, sales or any other economics-related division, this research paper will bring about a deeper understanding of the economic policies of Hong Kong – why Chinese products and services are more acceptable to Hong Kong companies, rather than those offered by other countries, especially the United States and Great Britain.   If I do decide to enter a career in the academe, this research will pave the way for a deeper understanding of colonization, state freedom, and shifts in political, economic, social and cultural environments. On a personal level, this paper will help me understand immigrants in a deeper sense.   Just like Hong Kong nationals, immigrants experience a change in environment, and the struggle to balance embracing a brand new culture and holding on to age-old traditions passed from generation to generation. Either way, this research paper will not go to waste as it brought me back to the place that gave birth to my being. It’s been a long time since I’ve lived in Hong Kong.   Many times, I forget what it means to be Chinese – choosing a burger over dumplings and noodles, partying in Times Square on the eve of the new year and yet sleeping through the eve of Chinese New Year, not calling my family during holidays or even just to tell them how I am doing.   Living in a foreign country brings about either one of two things: craving to go back home or completely forgetting what home is like.   This research paper made me go through a journey that I was trying to evade – to remember where I came from. It is not easy to do a paper on a place that had been a part of my life.   And yet the perspective brought into the paper is the perspective of a third person – one who is not a Hong Kong local, Chinese national or British citizen.   This research paper on Hong Kong is done by someone from Hong Kong and yet all information and data are taken in a very objective view in order to report an unbiased analysis.   The need to present all sides of the issue is necessary for a better understanding of the conflict being presented in the paper. And this is what distinguishes this research paper from other research papers. [1] â€Å"A person who does not know how to remember where he came from will never get to where he wants to go.†

Elderly Care Comparative Study | Research Methodology

Elderly Care Comparative Study | Research Methodology A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELDERLY CARE AMONG HINDUS AND MUSLIMS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF ALIGARH DISTRICT A comparative study of elderly care among major religious community of Aligarh district Introduction: Since time immemorial, across the world history, care affairs of the elderly were totally family concerns, carried out mostly at home by women and elder themselves (Bookman Kimbrel, 2011). In the twenty first century the needs, rights, concerns and problems of elderly persons are getting more attention of people from different walks of life i.e. social scientists, statesmen, administrators and social workers etc. Aging is neither a new phenomena nor a kind of ailment rather it’s a latter part of life cycle, considered one among the most challenging phenomena around the world- irrespective of developed and developing country as well. In, India, family based care of elderly is fastest growing concern for the big chunk of elderly population, about hundred million. This study seeks to highlight the existing pattern of care affairs of elderly in the informal setting, and interaction between elders and cares in the family. Here, more emphasis has given to peep into the nuts bolts of care relations among elderly and their family members. Research problems In the last couple of decades, innovation of wide range life saving drug, its availability and accessibility to common man have improved health of elderly, consequently the raised the life span of people worldwide and in India too, in contrast to previous normal age. That demanding lot of care and support for them includes medical, financial, psycho-social, spiritual and religious care. Now India is the home of about100 million people, taking care of elderly is of course a serious affair, can’t be left as it is going on. In due course of time, by the introduction of industrialization, urbanization and modernization in India, living style has drastically changed, where institution of joint family transformed into nuclear family. The industrial revolution not just change the people living standers, rather it’s too altered the age stratification resulting, lessen the power, prestige and importance of elderly people in society, finally, the elderly turn into social elite to social problems (macionics,2013). Because, the paradox, whether the responsibility of elderly care is a family matter or of government, becoming a matter of concern in India. Literature review Significance of study From the prehistoric time, India has been a country of care, love, affection, companionship and intimacy, where elder’s status remained matter of high consideration and elders considered as nucleus of power. Till the pre-independence era, most of the families were living jointly and agriculture was the major source of income and elders were the headed the family. But, after the industrialization, urbanization and modernization, joint family turned into nuclear family. Now, their position is no more, some time their status worst to social problems. Elderly people above the age of 60, have less resources, income and high life expectancies, require more, need, concerns and cares. Objectives of the study To undertake a socio-economic, and situational analysis of the condition of the elderly people in the family. To comprehend the pattern of family based elderly care practices in terms of various parameters such as religion, area (Rural-Urban), class and gender etc. To develop an extensive list of needs and difficulties as faced by elders in the family. To decipher psycho-social and emotional conditions of elderly people and associates factors. To identify the influence of religion and religiosity on care of elderly. To critically assess the changing value systems and social institutions that impinges upon the care and social support system with reference to the elderly. To study the level of awareness among the elderly as regards policies, programmes and legislatives provisions safeguards in India. Key Words: elderly, elderly care, family based care practice, religion and religiosity Conceptual framework Research questions This study will focus on the comparison care concerns and status of elderly care in the family among Hindus and Muslims in different settings i.e. rural and urban area. Further will seek to answer the following important questions concerning family based Elderly Care. What are the existing system and patterns of elderly care in the family? What are the dimensions and the level of care provided by the family members? Who is the responsible person for the care of elderly in the family? What is the quality of the elderly care in the family settings? What are the major day to day challenges of elderly care in the family? What is the impact of structural changes in the family on elderly care? What are the sources of livelihood of elderly people? What is the attitude of elders toward the care provided by family members? What is the level of satisfaction among elderly about their care? What are the role of religion and religiosity on care relation and care of elderly in the family? What are the differences and similarities in the family based elderly care among Hindus and Muslims in rural areas. Research Methodology Scope of the study This study will focus to study the day to day pattern of care relation and care of elderly and most possible issues and challenges, encountering elderly people within the family. This study will explore the level of differences and similarities of elderly care, among Hindus and Muslims family on the one hand and rural and urban on the other hand. Universe and Sample The study will be conducted in the selected rural and urban areas of Utter Pradesh, particularly in Aligarh District. The basic respondent of the study will be elderly people (60 or more age) and their potential caregiver in the family. Sampling Frame First of all, willing elderly people for being respondent for the purpose of study will be enlisted, respective to their economic classes, religion and sex, would be helpful to have proper result of the study. Sampling Method Sample Design As elderly care is personal and sensitive issue the sample would be selected on the basis of purposive sampling stratification of the universe will be on the basis of religion (Hindu Muslim), areas (rural urban) economic class (upper, middle and lower), and sex. SAMPLE DESIGN Tools and techniques for the data collection This study would be based on qualitative as well as quantitative data. Therefore mixed approach will be adopted, includes survey research for quantitative data to have empirical analysis and qualitative methods i.e. interview schedule and case study method will be used to comprehend a comprehensive and wider description to fill the gap of quantitative data. Through, direct observation and in-depth interview of elders, issues and concerns of their care in the family would be more elaborated and will cover all aspect of their care life, includes, their living arrangement, relationship with family members, in the family References Bookman, A. Kimbrel, D. (2011) Families and elder care in the twenty-first century. Princeton University, 21 (2), 117-140. Macionics, J.J. (2013) Social problems. New Jersey: Pearson publication.

An overview of Electronic Commerce

An overview of Electronic Commerce

Summary and Analysis of The Merchants Tale Essays -- Canterbury Tales

Summary and Analysis of The Merchant's Tale (The Canterbury Tales) Prologue to the Merchant's Tale: The merchant claims that he knows nothing of long-suffering wives. Rather, if his wife were to marry the devil, she would overmatch even him. The Merchant claims that there is a great difference between Griselde's exceptional obedience and his wife's more common cruelty. The Merchant has been married two months and has loathed every minute of it. The Host asks the Merchant to tell a tale of his horrid wife. Analysis The prologues that link the various Canterbury Tales shift effortlessly from ponderous drama to light comedy. The lamentable tale of Griselde gives way to the Host's complaint about his shrewish wife. This prologue further illustrates how each of the characters informs the tale he tells. The travelers largely tell tales that conform to their personal experiences or attitudes, such as the Merchant, whose awful marriage is the occasion for his tale about a difficult wife. In most cases the influence of the narrator on his tale is apparent, but the authorial touch lightly felt. The Merchant's Tale, for example, gains little from the prologue's information that the Merchant is disenchanted with his own marriage. Only a few of these tales exist largely as extensions of the characters who tell them; the Wife of Bath's Tale is the most prominent of these stories. The Merchant's Tale: The Merchant tells a tale of a prosperous knight from Lombardy who had not yet taken a wife. But when this knight, January, had turned sixty, whether out of devotion or dotage, he decided to finally be married. He searched for prospects, now convinced that the married life was a paradise on earth. Yet his brother, Placebo, cited... ...y. January's repeated insistence that their intercourse includes a rationalization that a man and wife are one person, and no man would harm himself with a knife, an unpleasant phallic image. January uses May only as a sexual object; he hammers away upon her, bringing her only pain and boredom. The Merchant's Tale also stretches the conventions of fabliau through the climax of the tale in which Pluto and Proserpina intrude upon the sexual intrigues among January, May and John. Proserpina and Pluto discuss the virtues of men and women in marriage, coming to the conclusion that few men are commendable, but absolutely no women are worthy. Their intervention in the situation gives divine sanction to the condemnation of women, purposely giving January his sight so that he can condemn his wife (although in a mordant twist, January can literally not believe his eyes).

Television and Media - Stereotypes, Stereotyping and the Media :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Stereotypes and the Media â€Å"Hey isn’t that Reverend Camden's daughter? I thought she was a Christian!† â€Å"Isn’t her dad a policeman?† â€Å"What! The President's daughters were arrested for drinking?† These are statements that are frequently made by people like myself. I expect more from my peers whose fathers have jobs as prominent moral leaders because of the way the media portrays them. Our society places higher standards on pastors of Christian church, a policemen, and the President of the United States of America, because of their positions. These fathers are expected to be upstanding, moral citizens of their community, and are expected to have children that conduct themselves in the same manner. As college students we have learned from the media how to judge our peers' social actions based solely on their fathers' jobs. The nightly news broadcast, newspapers, and television sitcoms such as the The Cosby Show, 7th Heaven, and Dawson’s Creek are all examples of where we learn to judge based on these stereotypes. Imagine you are at a party having a great time listening to a Marilyn Manson CD playing in the background, â€Å"Sweet dreams are made of these, who am I to disbelieve?† While filling up your glass of beer you spring a conversation with the person standing next to you. The music is loud so you both venture out to the porch to talk. Names, where you live, and your major are all exchanged in the beginning of your conversation. The two of you quit talking for a moment to take a sip of the beer you had both just filled up a few minutes ago. As the conversation gets deeper, the issue of your fathers' careers is brought up. Your dad is a real estate agent who sells homes for a living. The person standing across from you informs you that her father is a pastor of a Christian church. Your mouth drops, then your stomach. You quickly look down at your glass of beer, and then you look at her glass. A surprised eyebrow is raised, confused as to why this person is drinking, or wh y she is even at this party. Automatically, without any reason, you have already stereotyped this person and placed a higher standard of social prestige on her because of her fathers’ job.

How Do the Major Theories of Child Development Essay

Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interaction with experience and cognitive schemata. Some theories explore the theory that development also plays a role in social experience. There are many theories of development, but some are more influential and have inspired a lot of research. There are four main contrasting theories of child development that not only help us to understand child development as a whole, but also assist us in the understanding of the role of social experiences in child development. These four theories of development are often referred to as the ‘grand theories’ as they cover all aspects of child development, not just specific parts. The four grande theories are behaviourist theory, the social learning model, constructivist theory, and social constructivist theory. This essay will discuss and outling the four main theories of development, compare and contrast some of the concepts of the main theories, then discuss whether or not the theory is able to explain the role of social experiences in child development. Behaviourism used to be the most dominant theory in psychology throughout the 1950’s and 1960’s. The evidence provided by the behaviourist experimental technique has been was very important to the discipline of psychology, and many of the theories have stood up to the test of time. Behaviourist psychologists such as were Ivan Pavlov, John Watson and B. F. Skinner. They used techniques such as conditioning (classical conditioning and operand conditioning) to explore the theories of child development. The behaviourist view on child development is that children learn by conditioning, which means that children’s behaviour is affected by a series of rewards and punishments. This learning theory suggests that children are not active in the process of learning; it is as though they are allowing themselves to be shaped by agents in the environment around them, such as teachers and parental models. One criticism of the behaviourist approach is it’s inability to explain the role of social experiences in child development. This is because behaviourism is primarily focused on experimental and scientific methods, and it is limited in the respect that it does not take into account aspects of human nature which can not be measured by the experimental method alone. Emotions and feelings require can not be fully understood by observation alone; it requires a certain degree of introspection. The behaviourist model has explained some very important aspects of cognative development and learning, but more recent theories have shown that the shaping of a child’s mind is far more complex than conditioning alone. In the 1960’s, the social learning model was created and it was proposed that children learn through simply observing other people around them. Role models are an important part of the social learning model. Research has shown that children will often imitate aggression that they have witnessed through watching other people (Liebert et al. , 1977). This is in contrast with the behaviourist learning theory that children learn through reward and punishment. In 1965, Bandura conducted a study where he explored the hypothesis that children can experience social learning without conditioning. He argued that while children learn by observing and mimicking others, they are also extracting concepts and ideas from what they are observing, and making sense of situations on their own. This is in contrast to the behaviourist view that children are not active agents in their own learning. One criticism of this research is that while this is an insight into how children learn by observation, it tells us very little about the cognitive processes and the development of social schemata. The constructivist view of development was formed by Piaget in the 1920’s and 30’s. Jean Piaget’s stage theory suggests that there are four stages of development that every child will experience and progress through, regardless of culture. Piaget also developed the concept of schemata, and the theory that children gained knowledge through interaction between experiences and schematic concepts. Piaget’s theory is contrary to the behaviourist model as he believed that through observation, children ‘construct’ their own understanding of the world, based on their own experiences and prior knowledge. Piaget believed that this type of learning was more influential than instruction from a teacher or caregiver. Piaget and Binet conducted research into the role of cognitive schema and it’s involvement in the process of learning. They carried out an experiment where they conducted a series of intelligence tests on both children and adults. From this research, Piaget found that children and adults look at the world differently, which as a result causes children to build upon their own schemata on their own term. This is because their reasoning differs from that of adults, so they need to make sense of the world using their own rational. Piaget emphasised the importance of interaction with peers in development. Children learn through socialising with one another, and surprisingly they do not appear to benefit in the same way from contact with Adults. Piaget reasoned that children benefit from exposing one another to conflicting perspectives, which causes them to adapt and develop their cognitive schema. This development does not occur when children are in contact with adults, as they see adults as authority figures, and thus would be willing to accept an adult viewpoint without questioning it, which does not allow them to form new ideas or critique old ideas. The fourth and final theory of development that will be discussed is the social constructivism theory. This theory is similar to the constructivist theory as it proposes that children are active agents in their own learning and development. The social constructivism theory extends the constructivism model by introducing the roles of other agents, and by emphasising the role of interaction in the process of learning. The constructive theory places emphasis on social interaction as an important tool in cognitive development, and that schema are formed by children mostly through social interaction, not just through creating the ideas on their own . Vygotsky was a social constructivist whose theories can be contrasted with Piaget’s contructivist theories. Piaget believed that children are the main agents in developing their own knowledge and cognitive schemata about the things they have experiences in the environment. In contrast, Vygotsky placed more emphasis on the development of social schemata through the internalisation of social interactions using cultural tools such as language and expressions. The social constructivist model can be contrasted with social learning theories because it emphasises interaction with people and the environment, and put less emphases on observation. It can also be contrasted with behaviourism as the theory does not appear to value the possible effects of reward and punishment. The main differences between Vygotsky’s and Piaget’s theories is that Vygotsky believed that children play the most important part in shaping their cognitive development, which is in contrast to Piaget’s theory of the four universal stages of development. Vygotsky did not incorporate stages of development into his theory, and instead tended to focus on more social factors and role of language and other social tools. Vigotsky’s (1978) social constructivist approach was able to explore the social influences on cognitive development. Piaget’s theory was more focused on children creating new knowledge and cognitive schema through their own self exploration. Crain (2000) believed that some theories focus too much on learning by instruction, and that children were able to learn on their own and through social interaction, so it it important to allow them to explore this in order for them to be active, imaginative and ‘childish’. However other theories have suggested that if the process of learning under instruction is left too late then it may be too late to teach children more dult styles of thinking and reasoning. The social learning theory is possibly the model that places the least emphases on social experiences out of the four primary learning theories. The social part of the theory is the process of learning through observation. This theory does not place much emphasis on how social experiences relate to the development of cognitive schema, or how cognitive schemata facilitate social experiences. Children gain knowledge and bridge pathways through simply watching others in the environment around them. It can be seen from the descriptions of the four main theories of development that not all of them take into account of the role of social experiences in child development. They all appear to make valid claims about the different ways in which children develop complex ideas about the world. From studying these four theories, it seems as though children develop through many different means. Internal structures, role models, and traditional teachings in school, all play an important role in shaping a childs development. Social interaction is possibly equaly as important, if not more important in facilitating normal development in children.

Eco 365 Supply and Demand Essay

The supply and demand simulation shows different aspects of economic structures. Although mostly focused on microeconomics, the simulation does show a small role of macroeconomics. The principles of microeconomics would apply to drop in rent prices to increase the supply being demanded. Another microeconomic principle shown in the simulation is the rise in demand when the cost of rent is lowered. Macroeconomics principles came into play when the rise in demand for apartment was a direct product of the establishment of a new company in town. Same principles of microeconomics apply to an excess supply created by a price ceiling enforced by the government. Supply and Demand Shifts A shift in the demand curve was created when the new company brought an increase in population to Atlantis. A greater amount of people created a greater demand for the apartments. Equilibrium is reached in the demand shift by raising the price of rent to decrease demand. A supply shift was created when 400 apartments were converted into condominiums, which in turn caused a drop in supply. The equilibrium would be fixed by raising the cost to lower the demand because of a decrease in supply. Real World Application With the nutritional corporations expanding and health awareness on the rise prices of nutritional supplements are rising to meet the demand. Especially in local areas, there aren’t too many health and wellness shops that offer the best available supplements or expert advice, therefore the few local shops in town can raise the prices of their products because of high demand and low supply. Microeconomics: Supply/Demand Shifts A sudden increase in population can cause a demand shift which would either cause you to increase or decrease price reach equilibrium and maximize revenue. Supply shifts are caused by eliminating or adding supply to an economy to meet the choices of the population. Macroeconomics: Supply/Demand Shifts An increase in wages from neighboring business may cause a demand shift. This would cause a company to make changes to their prices to try to reach another target or meet the needs of the current target. A shift in supply because of macroeconomics can be caused by price ceilings or floors that would lead to a surplus or shortage of supply. Pricing Strategy Price elasticity of demand will always change the pricing strategy of a company so that they can maximize revenue, not demand. If a company figures they have low demand for their products they may lower the price so that more people become interested and vise-versa. The price elasticity is the equal to the percent change of quantity demand times the percent change in price. Price elasticity is used to figure the change in demand after a change in price (Colander, 2010). PEoD = (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Price) When the price of causes a change in the demand the formula will recognize that change and give you an indication of delicate that products demand is to a change in price. The higher the result equals higher sensitivity to price change (Moffatt, 2013). References Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Moffatt, M. (2013). Price Elasticity of Demand. Retrieved from http://economics.about.com/cs/micfrohelp/a/priceelasticity.htm

Buddhism in East Asia Essay

Many people will choose Confucianism as the most important factor in understating East Asian culture. Confucianism, indeed, is crucial in understanding the culture. However, one should not overlook the influence of Buddhism on Confucianism and many areas of East Asian culture. Buddhism, one of the world’s oldest religions and a philosophy, is shared by East Asian countries, thus in order to fully appreciate the East Asian culture, one should learn about Buddhism and its significant influence on the culture. This paper will discuss Buddhism shared by East Asian culture and how the religion played an enormous role in shaping the mindset of people affecting their culture. Buddhism started approximately in the 6th century BCE, starting with the birth of the Buddha in India. The religion then spread through Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia (Keown). Among many branches of Buddhism, Mahayana has been diffused from first west, north, and east throughout East Asia (Skilton). The fundamental principles of Mahayana are liberation from suffering and the belief in the existence of Bodhisattva. Bodhisattva is someone who achieved Nirvana, the state of being free from both suffering and the cycle of rebirth (Keown). One can find a carved wood elongated figure of Bodhisattva Guanyin (1999. 13. 0003) from Spurlok Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL . In this wooden figure, Guanyin is barefoot with hair wrapped in knot, wears ornate robes and holds a basket with flowers (Spurlock Museum). One can also find a photo of Bronze Seated Buddha in National Museum at Kyongbok-Kung, Seoul, South Korea (1986. 27. 0017) in Spurlock Museum . These are an important artifact and a photo because one can easily find very similar artifacts of Guanyin or Buddha in China, Korea, and Japan. It shows one how Buddhism was shared by East Asian countries (Yu). Upon first encountering Buddhism, many Chinese scholars regarded it as merely a foreign religion. This caused Buddhism to transform itself into a system that could co-exist within the Chinese way of life. Thus, filial devotion, one of the most valued by Confucianists, in Buddhist teachings became the core texts in China. It further strengthened the Confucian value by claiming that the salvation of an individual was a benefit to the society and family. Therefore, Buddhism could spread well in the Chinese population (Chen). From this point, Buddhism spread to Korea and Japan, and Buddhist ideology began to merge with Confucianism. This caused many Confucian scholars to redefine Confucianism as Neo-Confucianism (Chen). While Neo-Confucianism adapted Buddhist ideas, many Neo-Confucianists strongly opposed Buddhism. Nonetheless, Buddhism offered Confucianism important ideas such as the nature of the soul and the relation of the individual to the cosmos, ideas not explored by Confucianism (Chen). Again, Neo-Confucianism was spread through Korea and Japan, and they were all deeply influenced for more than half a millennium (Chen). Moreover, many other indigenous religions and philosophical systems in East Asia integrated the ideas and teachings of Buddhism, so it came to be a natural part of living. In conclusion, the teachings of Buddhism not only influenced in shaping the mindset of East Asian people, but also affected their philosophy of life.

A Magazine Article for creative writing

George Bernard Shaw once said that ‘A perpetual holiday is a good working definition of hell'. I'm here to analyse whether this is true. He could have meant that a holiday from work or school forever would be hell but I like to think and therefore I'm testing out the theory of actually moving to a place that was once your favourite holiday destination. Will that place still hold all the carefree, luxurious magic that it does when you escape there for a few weeks of rest and relaxation, or will paying tax and contributing to the debate about what time the village lights should be turned off kill that magic for you? My favourite holiday destination was always Roquecor in the south of France. A tiny hilltop village near Toulouse, far from the coast and in the rural mainland. I have been visiting since I was a little girl and to me it always represented peace and happiness. For that one or two weeks a year I was free, even at four years old I think I loved the segregation from daily nursery and weekly ballet lessons. As I got older that feeling of escapism grew, particularly depending on the unfolding dramas affecting my life at different times. People are now saying this trip I am embarking on, taking the plunge of escaping abroad is just that; escaping. I will confirm now that this is all in the name of journalism but I know that deep down I am hoping for the reassuring joy and tranquillity that I experienced annually on holiday in Roquecor, but is that all it's supposed to be, a holiday? The day of departure arrived much sooner than I had anticipated. All my affairs were in order, my accommodation sorted out. I had opted for a beautiful maisonette as there would only be me and my boyfriend, Adam, going out there. He has decided to come indefinitely, quite possibly for good if the dream lives up to all that is anticipated. He was won over by the lure of cheap wine, French bread and better weather. As an aficionado of the French language and a trained teacher, he has managed to wangle his was into being the English teacher at the local primary school. My job as a journalist is highly mobile and I will continue to pursue with this career and also start work on my novel. On the way to the airport I think about all the things that I'll miss and the things I won't; fresh milk, re-runs of The Vicar of Dibley and Blackadder, and London yobs (which obviously falls into the latter category). Then suddenly I realise, and it shocks me that I haven't thought of it before. Not only am I emigrating abroad but I'm swapping a vibrant city for a remote village. Suddenly my mind swims with things that I will miss and with the realisation that even the overcrowded underground in the middle of summer becomes something I yearn for, well almost. The maisonette is delightful, full of charm and character. It is on the main street through the village but it is nothing like the main roads in England. It is a small ‘rue' with flower baskets hanging on every house and the traditional shutters adorning them. It is the ‘tour de guet' the watchtower to the village that is ours. Basically it is the gatehouse, the first house on the road into the village however we will only occupy the top part of the five story house which we enter straight from the road as the rest on the house continues down into the hill and a sloping path reaches the front door at the bottom for the other tenants. Inside the property is quintessentially French and when you open the windows in the back room you easily have the most breathtaking view you could imagine. You are on the top of a cliff with nothing but countryside and fields full of bright yellow sunflowers. We unpack and decorate the property with our personal touches, all we can do seeing as it is ready furnished. A celebratory gin and tonic is rapidly concocted from the supplies in the larder and we head out to the terrace at the front of the house. Beautiful, sun kissed French children hurriedly skip up the hill talking excitedly of their fathers boar hunting trip. They abruptedly stop when they see our pale inquisitive faces, whisper to each other for a moment and then give us broad grins and a chorus of ‘Salut! ‘ rings around us. I grin back at them, then grin at Adam and realise that I have grinned like this for a long time. Will I continue grinning like this? Only time will tell and so for now I'm going to go and enjoy, as they say, the first day of the rest of my life.

Responding Techniques

Responding and summarizing begins with using active and responding where I preview the author’s background as well as the writing context. Summarizing accurately and objectively represent key ideas. A summary cites the author and title, quotes key phrases or sentences directly and describe the main ideas and feature of a text. Responding is critiquing the ideas in the text. Responding technique gives responses that may agree or disagree with the argument in the text.Responses may analyze the argument, organization or quality of evidence in the text; and/or they may reflect on assumptions or implications. Summary includes main ideas and key features while a response includes my reactions, comments and questions. A summary gives a reader an objective and condensed account of the main ideas and features of a text while a response. A response should include own perspective, experiences, attitudes and beliefs that will guide in a particular response.To make it effective, a response paper effective, I need to say what I think and show why I think so. The response should show the relationship between my opinions and the argument in the text. A response requires analyzing the effectiveness of the text, agreeing or disagreeing with the author’s ideas and interpreting and reflecting on the text. Responses must be supported by evidence, facts, examples and details.Personal experience, evidence form the text and other texts form supporting evidence for good responses. In responses, there is need for in text citations like sentences and phrases. Ideas from other books, essays and articles are relevant. Usually, summary appears first and then the reader’s response. The two parts are carefully integrated where the response focuses quickly on the main idea summarized. Use a clear transition from the summary and response or integrate both the summary and response throughout.

Briefly Define and describe the impact of utopian socialism on first Essay

Briefly Define and describe the impact of utopian socialism on first wave feminism - Essay Example Utopian socialism can be defined as one version of socialism that is based on pragmatic principles as opposed to such abstract ones as equal political rights, which its proponents saw as â€Å"selfishly individualist†. The other aspect in which utopian socialists were different was in their perspective on some of the most important intellectual developments of the nineteenth century. For example, the basic tenets of utopian socialism were inconsistent with liberal ideologies. The essential difference between utopian socialism and the prevalent versions of socialism is noted thus by author LeGates, â€Å"that liberalism generated the idea of feminism while the Industrial Revolution, by taking work out of the home and giving middle-class women leisure, created the opportunity to put the idea into action†¦The liberal emphasis on individualism and equality that justified the American and French Revolutions in the late eighteenth century inspired women to apply the language of ‘the rights of man’ to themselves† (LeGates, p.154). When Karl Marx produced his historical analyses on political economies, the idea of socialism created excitement among the intellectuals of the day. A small section of them expected too much from the fledgling politico-economic alternative proposed by Marx. Nevertheless, it did have a significant effect on the first wave feminist movement, not least because of the underlying similarities between them. For instance, utopian socialism inspires the oppressed masses to struggle and undergo sacrifices in order to achieve a better standard of living for themselves, which is also adopted into the agenda by first wave feminists. Utopian socialism strives to give a lucid interpretation of socialism and also attempted to demonstrate how socialist principles could be implemented without excluding or exploiting any section of the

Social Performance, Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Performance, Part 2 - Essay Example In this regards, Total Company has some similar code of ethics with other companies. For instance, among the common ethics in most of the companies in similar industry is code of conduct towards the shareholders and the owners. The shareholders and owners should look for a fair way of balancing between capital and work in a manner that employees bet a fair pay in commensurate with work done. It is the duty of the shareholders to design their company as one of the greatest instruments to generate wealth, make their irrefutable objecting of earning a profit in line with sustainable, sound environmentally and social development, and also ensure that all the activities are done responsively and in an ethical manner. In addition, the company shareholders have to define and uphold the values and mission of the company in accordance to its code of ethics (Marianna Sigala, 2012). As in the case of other companies, there have been loop holes when it comes to implementation of their code of et hics. For instance, there has been a conflict of interest between the owners of the company and the company itself. The owners of the company have been using company assets for their own gain therefore leading to lack of transparency. This has led to strained relationship between the shareholders and the management. ... In relation to company clients and suppliers, there has been a continuous strained relationship between the company and its suppliers. The suppliers are not paid in time as expected and have resulted in delays in supplies. The choice of suppliers has been another big problem since some of them could not uphold best business practices and respect human dignity. Good business ethics provides for the choice of suppliers who respects and upholds good business practices (Ladd, 2011). With the issue of competition, the other companies have been using their market position to intimidate companies whose market share is still small. Code of ethics should ensure that there is no abuse of weaker competitors in the market place. There has been also discrimination of employees basing on their nationality, sex and age. After criticizing the shortcomings of other organizations, Total Company has designed the following code of ethics: Prohibition of conflict of interest and bribery- activities of th e company should be conducted with the highest level of integrity. Both the employees and the external stakeholders are expected to reject corruption and bribery in all forms Labor rights- Total Company ensures that its employee operational policies and practices prevent and prohibit forced labour, child labor and discrimination and respect international labour standards Contributions to local development- the company offers employment to local people and also participates in education, economic health development programs and infrastructures. Security and Human rights- the company is committed to respecting the protection of Human rights and implements the generally acceptable

Determination of conductance of various solutions Assignment

Determination of conductance of various solutions - Assignment Example 4. From the data collected in the experiment, the following have been classified as either strong acid, weak acid, strong base or weak base. HCL- strong acid HNO3- strong acid KOH- strong base CH3CO2H- weak acid NH3- weak base 5. KNO3, Ca (NO3)2, Al (NO3)2, HNO3. All these compounds have the same anion i.e. NO3- but differ only in the cation present. This difference brings about the difference in their conductance. The differences arise due to the difference in mobility of the various cations. All those metals plus hydrogen have different mobility in aqueous form, therefore, will conduct electric current differently. 6. The conductance of KCl is 660Â µS while that of KNO3 is 2.9mS. These two values differ due to the conductance contributed by nitrate and chloride ions to the total conductance of the solution. Therefore based on the same principle NaNO3 is expected to have a higher conductance than NaCl. 7. From the conductance of KCl, HCl, and HNO3 the conductance of KNO3 can be calculated as: LKNO3 = LKCl+ LHNO3 - LHCl LKNO3 = 0.66mS+8.6mS-8.1mS LKNO3 = 1.16mS. 8. a) The conductance value for tap water was 0.2mS signifying that it was a weak electrolyte. Therefore it did not contain any ionic impurities since they would have given a higher conductance value. b) The tap water could have contained molecular impurities which were responsible for the small conductance recorded. These impurities partially dissolved in the aqueous solution and hence recorded the small conductance value observed.

Chimpanzee and the close relations to humans Research Paper

Chimpanzee and the close relations to humans - Research Paper Example Besides the genetic coding, which explains how we are similar genetically, there are also other factors, which could indicate a direct relation. The first is the way in which chimpanzees live socially with one another. They often live in cluster societies being lead by an alpha male as they hunt for food. They also form highly complex social relationships, which then takes the form of courtship and mating behavior. Like in human cultures, the alpha male gains support through the other members of the community (Power 37-51). Chimpanzees also have intelligences, which are comparable to that of humans and are highly intelligent in the animal kingdom. They have a social psychology in that they understand the organized roles in society. They are also capable of analyzing problems and solving them. One of these ways, which correlates extremely strong to human behavior, is through the creation of tools. Chimpanzees are one of the very few organisms that can create tools besides humans. Chim panzees also have an extremely complex form of language. This includes both nonverbal and verbal forms of communication as well as hand gestures and movements. So far, there have been over 500 different signs, which have been identified by scientists (Cohen 116-18). Besides the social components, which make chimpanzees similar to humans, there are genetic and biological components, which connect both species. There is less than a 2% difference in the genetic coding and variation of the gene sequence. This is due to minor changes in the genetic code. In addition, certain genes were removed while others were kept. It is hypothesized that these small mutations in the genetic code are what allowed humans to gain their adaptive features and since then has explained why humanity has prospered (Reeve, and Black 53-6). It is, however, pertinent to point out the differences that separate homo from pan. The first is the primitive method of locomotion. While humans now have the capability to w alk upright, chimpanzees still walk on all fours. Specifically, they walk on their knuckles, which has limited the development of the full range of motor functions in the hand. Even though they have a highly evolved social structure, it still operates on the premises of instinct and primal power, which is exerted through the use of force. Some of these are the result of biological evolution and some of the traits are the result of years of learning and knowledge accumulation as well as the passing down of traditions and skills. There is definitely a link between both chimpanzees and humans. The exact link and common ancestry has not been identified yet. As explored, there are many social and learning characteristics, such as the organization of communities, which are similar to both species. The undeniable facts of science show that genetically, we share similar coding which can only mean the result of a divergent evolutionary process, which occurred. There has also been a great dea l of research, which has been done in order to show the relationship between how chimpanzees and humans can interact with each other. There has also been research done into understanding the communication skills that chimpanzees possess. In order to find the definite link between the ancestry of humans and chimpanzees, not only must the genetic code be identified, but also do the fossils which would show the link. Works Cited Cohen, Jon. Almost Chimpanzee: Searching for What Makes Us Human,