Consumer Perceptions of Mobile Phone Marketing A Critical Analysis Assignment

Consumer Perceptions of Mobile Phone Marketing A overcritical Analysis - Assignment ExampleThere is lack of clarity in conceptualization, and consequentially, in Operationalization of the concept, that is, measurement of the variables consisting of particular observations. Consumer perceptions of planetary phone marketing has been relegated to the second place as an incidental factor which could be inferred from the germs statement, Thus, it is proposed that a consumers level of involvement with their mobile phone will influence their decision to dramatise or reject marketing communications sent via this channel Internet, telephone, and media are converging with greater velocity. The mobile phone is the property of the user. When his mobile phone is used without his consent for marketing, his initial reaction may be indifference or negative.The individuals perception is dependant upon the utility-grade derived by him. Therefore, blending utility aspect in marketing is necessar y to improve the consumers perception. Advertising through SMS is gaining momentum as a part of mobile marketing, and the marketing strategies of trade and phone line cant ignore mobile phones in the field of advertising. The sample does not represent the population meaningfully. The samples used in the methodology might return been suitable for mobile phone usage in Colleges and Universities. The observations would be homogenous as it will not reflect the disparities in income in the society. Important factors such as such as income levels, age group, business or employment background, educational backgrounds etc. have no bearing on the samples selected for observation and analysis. The superior study examined how a consumers perception of the relative advantages, compatibility and complexity associated with mobile phone marketing, and their involvement with their mobilephone, influenced their aim to accept marketing communication sent via this channel.

Home Depot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Home repositing - Essay Examplethe king is to pay labor and get credit the less the capital, and the less able an organization is to pay its employees and imbibe money (Riesman, 2009). From this regard, it is possible that more personalized selling could be the solution to some of Home memorys problems. There is also the attention that needs to be paid to the customer, in terms of putting them first and giving a customer-centric experience.It is the assumption of the current research investigation that intensifying the focus on the customer, while still remaining cost-effective, may be the best course for the organization of Home Depot to take. This involves an expanded awareness of, and attention to, the customer, whose loyalty will be encouraged through the presentation of a clear plan that knows what the customer expects, what they are finding in the competition that they are not soon finding at Home Depot, and other customer-centered factors. More often than not, these fact ors are based on the perceptions of those who utilise the product or service of a large home improvement chain, with certain expectations in learning ability about what they are getting (and not getting). Home Depot can possibly take improvement of reducing the amount of time a transaction is going to take a customer, centralizing encounter of this process, and expanding operations without actually building any more brick-and-mortar branches, perhaps even by improving the customer-centric nature of its web operations. In many ways, this can be viewed as a win-win outcome for Home Depot, only if there is also the obstacle of initial costs in setting up new operations and getting the operation moving primarily in a place where it can be subjected to outdoor(a) over-regulation. There is also the abovementioned danger of changes in the external environment.In conclusion, there are various factors and outcomes which mustiness be realized in the context of the Home Depot situation. One must think of the beat case scenario, cost

Nihilism And Its Consequences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nihilism And Its Consequences - Essay ExampleNihilism entails the absence of reflexion for consequences, where people have no inner guide and promote only their self-interests. By openly display love for a married woman. Spunk demonstrates a missing conscience. He tells Joe that Lena was his (Hurston). The alcoholic woman in Tall Tales also dismisses the effects of her decisions. She sees herself slowly attracted to a stranger, just because of her creative imagination that feeds her inner emptiness. The tally in the story symbolizes reality because it reminds people of the time and organizing their life. She does not know how to organize her life, however, because she cannot understand the importation of her existence. When she allows Lenny to take her watch, she surrenders to the pseudo-reality that Lenny wants to bring her to. Lenny tells her You dont need your watch. You dont have to know what time it is (Braverman). She then empowers him to organize her life for her, which ha ppens eventually. Furthermore, nihilistic people only value their self-interests. Spunk takes Lena and parades their affair to others. He says to Joe Call her and see if shell come. A woman knows her boss she answers when he calls (Hurston). This means that for Spunk, he is the boss of himself and others. The woman of Tall Tales also focuses on her inner fantasies than her own future and the future of her daughter. When she sees China blue in the sky, it is an image of peaceableness and hope. These images of peace and hope are superficial, however, because she intends to escape her reality to find them. She feels unhappy with her failures and she covets a new life, where responsibilities no longish exist.

Accounting Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

accounting system Law - Assignment ExampleThe retirement fund Industry (Supervision) Regulations 1994 Schedule 1 provides for the conditions of reverse of the superannuation capital under(a) Part I, sections 101 to 114 thereof, namely retirement death terminal medical condition changeless incapacity former temporary resident under certain conditions payment to the Commissioner of Taxation under the Superannuation (Unclaimed Money and Lost Members) Act 1999 termination of employment on or later on July 1, 1997 where the members fund does not amount to more than $ two hundred severe financial hardship acquisition of term 65 compassionate grounds termination of employment with an employer who contributed to the funds for the member temporary incapacity attainment of preservation age a found lost member with fund balance amounting to less than $200 certain conditions under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 under s 292-B of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997, and so provided as release conditions under 62(1) (b) (v) of the 1994 Act. In the problem at hand, Jonathans primary condition for release of his superannuation fund balance is retirement, which is further defined as a state when the person under gainful employment of another is set to terminate that employment and will never again examine employment either on a full or part time basis. 1 In addition, that employee contemplating retirement mustiness have reached the age of 60 or if below 60, must have reached his or her preservation age, according to s. 7 of the same Act. The problem does not state, however, if Jonathan has reached his preservation age, a condition mistaken if a person is born under the following dates before 1 July 1960 to 30 June 1961, if 55 years of age surrounded by 1 July 1960 to 30 June 1961, if 56 years of age between 1 July 1960 to 30 June 1962, if 57 years of age between 1 July 1962 to 30 June 1963, if 58 years of age between 1 July 1963 to 30 June 1964, if 59 years of age, or after 30 June 1964, if 60 years of age.2 Fig. 1 Superannuation Interest Tax3 Thus, for Jonathan to be able to able to access his superannuation fund balance, he must have been born between 1 July 1960 to 30 June 1962, since he is now 57 years of age, other he will not be able to access the same on the ground of retirement. assumptive he was born between that period, Jonathan can lawfully access his fund and the tax due on the benefit from the superannuation fund depends on the following factors age whether as lump sum or income decant, and the taxed or untaxed elements present in the fund.4 Figure 1 above illustrates how taxes of superannuation benefits are determined. A superannuation benefit, according to the diagram, whitethorn have components, which according to s. 307.120 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 97 hereafter), may be a assessable or tax-free component. Superannuation income streams paid on or after 1 July 2007 have tax free compone nts that are usually the crystallised segment and the contributions while the taxable component is the amount of the income stream benefit minus its tax free component. A superannuation income stream as a regular series of payments made directly from accumulated superannuation contributions or purchased with a lump sum (Guide to Social Security Law 2011) while the ITAA Regulations define it as an annuity for the purposes of the babe Act in accordance with the subregulation 1.05 (1) of the SIS Regulations or a pension for the purposes of the SIS Act in accordance with subregulation 1.06 (1) of the SIS Regulations or a pension for the purposes of the RSA Act in accordance with regulation 1.07 of the RSA Regulations. In addition, it is also an annuity or pension within the meaning of the SIS Act and commenced after 1 September

U.S. and Nevada Constitutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

U.S. and Nevada Constitutions - Essay Exampleed by Bowers that the incredibly short span of three years from territory to kingdomhood and the events predating and surrounding that transition accept the Nevada Constitution a truly exceptional document (12). Due to several amendments made to this constitution, it has ended up with more words and more details as compared to the United States constitution it is more deeply descriptive, objet dart the U.S.s is more general in terms of its structure.As per the constitution of Nevada, it has 19 articles that describe the prefatorial laws ranging from the organization of the government, power distribution within the government institutions, and the bill of rights meant to protect the people from any engineer of oppression. In most cases, the Nevada constitution resembles that of the U.S. though in some other instances, there are variations which closure in differences in length, for example the omission of individual rights from the U. S. constitution, but present in the Nevada constitution. According to Bowers (15), Nevadas constitution provides a more direct means of separation of powers into three most basic divisions and has an surplus system for checks and balances moreover this constitution has a system for amendments and revision whereby the judiciary has been vested with such powers. These additional clauses makes it endless that the U.S constitution.There are various factors that define the length and details of a state constitution. According to Berman, a broad historical factor accounting for this condition was the loss of popular confidence in state legislators (77). Constitutional amendments made after the civil wars had extensive and detailed policies to prevent corruptions and mismanagement that marred the nation. The quilt of amendments provided by the Nevadas constitution has made it easier to add additional values by the concerned parties.In general, most of the state constitutions are notewor thy constitutions the differences can be

Underground Railroad - a historical event from slavery Essay

Underground Railroad - a historical event from slavery - Essay recitationPetry argues that slavery began in 1619 when a Dutch trader exchanged African under his custody for pabulum (45). The ownership of African as servants became legal, just as it was for the poor white men who offered labor for their overtaking to America. In 1680s, the popular racial -based slave system developed. All the slaves wanted freedom, that the problem was how to nominate it.Women were in the forefront to liberate the other slaves. Their courage and dedication could not let even their pricy husbands discourage them. Women such as Harriet Tubman, the leader of the Underground Railroad believed that freedom was not an option precisely the only option. She would always talk about it with her husband until he could get mad and tell her to unopen up. Petry reveals the conversation between Harriet and her husband, he says You take off and I willing tell the Master. I will tell the Master right quick. She stared at him, shocked thinking, he couldnt, he wouldntyou dont mean that, she said slowly. (85). She wanted freedom and then decided to leave for Philadelphia without the husband. She was ready to pay that price, but that was not enough, she was to come back to free others.In Philadelphia, other women of courage included Henrietta Bowers Duterte. She was an African American the first black woman to serve as an undertaker in the city. To help save the runaways from the slave catchers, she could hide them inside a basket. This was despite the draconian justnesss that existed at the time. A good example was the law enacted by the Virginia colony in 1642 to stop those who harbor or assist the runaway slaves. The penalty was 20 pounds of tobacco for sheltering a runaway slave at night. In addition, the slaves were branded after the second plan of attack of escape (Petry 63).According to Petry, Virginia Assembly passed a law in 1669 which allowed the killing of negros

PSYCHOLOGY SET UP A STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PSYCHOLOGY roofy UP A STUDY - Essay ExampleFor our purposes, in this study we shall select two tell styles, the Authoritative and the Uninvolved for investigation. The paper cited above in summarising research on the topic claims that Children and adolescents whose parents are classic rate themselves and are rated by objective measures as more socially and instrumentally competent and those whose parents are set-apart perform poorly in all domains.The description of authoritative parental style borders on the ideal. These parents do not demand unquestioning obedience. They set standards for childrens conduct by negotiation and reference to dual-lane and valued goals. They are assertive but do not punish breaches of discipline in an arbitrary manner by restrictions or by intruding on the child. They require and receive cooperation from their children.The uninvolved parents whitethorn be labelled laissez-faire, almost to the point of being neglectful of their children. They are neither reactive to the childrens demands nor do they demand or expect standards of behaviour and conduct from their children.Although it is clear from the above intervention that we could easily identify two groups for this study, we are required to delve a little further into the surmise underlying the differences in the two parental styles. One basis of criticisms for isolating parental styles is the nature comfort controversy. Are we right to ignore nature or heritability (genes) when we use parental style as a variable? We are concentrating on nurture exclusively in this study. Caveats must be spelt off in the Discussion section.Children may undergo quantitative as well as qualitative changes in their personality and competences as they mature. By selecting children of exactly the same age group for our study, we can reasonably swear to eliminate problems that could arise from the continuity-discontinuity compounding variable.The

Goodbye Pork Pie Hat by Charles Mingus disscusion paper Essay

goodby Pork Pie get into by Charles Mingus disscusion paper - Essay ExampleBerndt (52) further notes that Jazz involves vitality and spontaneity of unisonal theater performance which involves improvisation. Berndt also holds that Jazz contains a manner of phrasing and sonority that mirrors the Jazz musician individuality (73). prop a similar view, Berndt (63) noted that Jazz music originated in the Southern United States among the African-American communities, unite European music and African music. According to Shipton (23) Jazz music started developing in 1880 during the Atlantic hard worker trade which brought Africans to the U.S. Shipton (34) holds that the Jazz music, therefore, early Jazz had rhythms that reflected the African speech pattern was characterized by the pentatonic weighing machine which led to the blue notes that commonly characterize Jazz. Focusing on Jazz music, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of Goodbye Porkpie Hat, a diachronic hunch style. The paper will focus on discussing general characteristics of the historic jazz style and the individual stylistic characteristic for which the performer is known. The paper also focuses on virtuoso plot of ground that features a notable performance objet dart providing observations from listening to such apiece. The paper concludes with an overview of the aforementioned issues while highlighting the significance of the piece and performer of the Jazz music featured. Before, discussing the aforementioned issues it is important to examine the jazz music featured. Goodbye Porkpie Hat, which was later renamed Theme in memory of Lester Young is music piece or a jazz standard, which was composed by Charles Mingus. The jazz standard recorded in 1959, by his sextet, and released on the album of Mingus Ah Um. He wrote it as in memory of Lester Young, a saxophonist, who passed on before the recording was done and was reputed for wearing a broad-rimmed of pork pie hat. Good-bye porkpie hat Hat is Mingus widely known musical composition and many jazz fusion and Jazz artists have recorded his music. For instance, Mitchell Joni added lyrics to the songs for his album Mingus, which was recorded together with with Mingus in the months prior to his death. Besides, Kirk Rahsaaan also composed some lyrics to the song, which was included in his album, of The Return of 500lb Man. Goodbye porkpie Hat is a ballad composed for a saxophonist Lester Young, and it is named after youngs time-honoured signature headwear. The melody is beautiful and haunting plays in Octaves or in unison by var. saxophonists Booker Ervin and Handy John except for one note, where they play the dissonant interval of either a minor second or ninth (Artist Direct 1). Ideally, the single dissonance resembles wince, and it is perhaps a crafty nod to the pained life of Young. Charles Mingus was an influential Jazz double bassist composer as well as bandleader. His musical compositions had a hot soulful fe el of hard bop and creeds to black gospel music and free jazz, Third stream and classical music (Open Culture 1). Yet he avoided categorization, thus beat his own unique music brand, which fused traditions with the unexplored jazz realms (Open Culture 2). Mingus emphasized on joint improvisations, which is similar to old New Orleans jazz while paying much attention to the interactions of for each one band member with the group. He recruited band members on not only skills but also their personalities. Besides, Mingus receives credit for the double bass

Choose ONE of the topics below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose ONE of the topics below - Essay deterrent exampleOf the two, perhaps it was Voltaire who did not mince any words when it came to criticizing the work of Rousseau. For example, when he received Rousseaus The friendly Contract, Voltaire wrote a letter to Rousseau in which he notes, Never was such a cleverness used in the design of making us totally stupid. One longs, in reading your book, to walk on all fours. But as I have lost that habit for more than sixty years, I odor unhappily the impossibility of resuming it (Nosotro, 2007, Pg. 1). These words also form the basis of their disagreement since Voltaire had very different ideas or so society and government as compared to the very democratic ideals of Rousseau.The high society and the aristocratic manners of Voltaire would sure put him at odds with Rousseau who had a lower class beginning and could only find patrons to admirer him in paying for his living expenses as he continued to write and give the world philosophic ideas. However, they were both forced into exile largely through the force of their own ideas. Voltaire frank criticism, as exemplified by what he told Rousseau about his book, angered many French aristocrats and he was eventually forced into exile to England. On the other hand, Rousseaus ideas were widely rejected by the French and he too had to spend roughly time in Switzerland and then England.In terms of ideas, Voltaire emphasized individual tolerance and a individuals right to be able to express him/herself freely. The religious and personal freedoms given by the face government were much respected by him and he wanted to change French society to lease them closer to the freedoms enjoyed by the English. Voltaire was also against the church since he believed the message of the church was one of intolerance. Duffy (2008) notes this as an arouse dichotomy since Voltaire was disdainful of religion itself but supported religious tolerance. It seems that blind faith was unaccep table to Voltaire since he

Information Technology and the Canadian Economy Essay

Information Technology and the Canadian Economy - rise ExampleEntrepreneurship has not been fully covered with the current academic programs, as the discipline is usually taught as an integrated unit and not as an independent program like a degree.An entrepreneur is an initiator, piece entrepreneurship accommodates any private or public organization, or individual, with the potential to respond to ever changing demands, go fors smart technologies and produces additional value from the assets at disposal, also entailing the need to motivate the continual phenomena of natural entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs seek to utilize their ideas by introducing new means of meeting demands, or changing existing means of commodity saving in order to add value. Primarily, an entrepreneur carries out varying activities including adopting innovative means of addressing socially cerebrate problems seeking to challenge traditional manner of working incorporating ideas, people, and resources so as to integrate change detective work business opportunities and optimizing on resources which are under utilised and taking uncertainties and risks as well as responding to an upshot with clarity over the outcome right in mind.In economic development, the role of entrepreneurship entails more than sightly accumulating per capita income and output it entails initiation and constitution of change in the business structure, the economy as well as society. The referred change is followed by growth of premise and increased income, which permits more wealth to be shared amongst various(a) participants. Additionally, entrepreneurship has been acknowledged as a major tool to help bridge the gap between experience and the business market although entrepreneurs faced challenges of lack of managerial skills necessary for running their businesses. Although entrepreneurs face a hole of difficulties, entrepreneurship holds the most effective means of commercializing innovations, forming new e nterprises, as well as

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Immigration - Essay ExampleIn the Hesperian Countries, the magnitude of immigration has been comparatively high, and the example of America will effectively illustrate the altitude of planetary immigration. All Americans are immigrants or descendants of immigrants. We may not often think of ourselves this way, but the comment is literally and absolutely true, because everyone who has ever lived in America came from someplace else. (Purcell, xi) Therefore, immigration is a global reality, and the facts and figures of transnational immigration illustrate how crucial this issue is. It is essential to comprehend that the reasons and benefits of immigration are closely colligate in the contemporary context, because it is mainly due to the benefits of immigration that people move their place of residence from a particular country to another, permanently. The most fundamental benefits of immigration include economic gains, progress of cultural diversity, overture in the standard of li ving of immigrants, a younger workforce, and skilled workers.

Yasukuni Shrine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Yasukuni saint - search Paper ExampleSince 1970s these visits have sparked controversy and for more to see respect being stipendiary to variety A war criminals of World warf are 2 is being considered very offensive to the nations that present the aggression of the Imperial Japan. With Japans former Prime Minister Koizumi visiting the enclose, this controversy has been precondition new life and limelight (Okuyama 2009) The Yasukani Shrine is one of the most controversial shrines in the world. It is a Shintoistic Shrine that is situated in the Chiyoda district in the capital of Japan, Tokyo. The reason for its controversy is that this shrine was built as a dedication to all the Japanese Soldiers who died fighting in World War 2 on the orders of the Emperor of Japan (Yasukuni Shrine 2008). The Symbolic Registry of Divinities has listed about 2460000 men and women who died for the Imperial Japan. The souls that atomic number 18 enshrined here hold all of those who have served the interest of the Imperial Japan since the year 1983. This allow for include the national crisis like the Boshin War, Seinan war and also wars with other countries like Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars. The most controversial aspect of this shrine is that it also has the souls of soldiers who were killed during the active duty during the World Wars (Yasukuni Shrine 2008).... This location was chosen by Meiji Emporer. It was first effected to help commemorate the men and women who had died in the Boshin War that resulted in the power restoration of the Meiji. The shrine is among the many that were built under the government sanction Shinto program throughout Japan. Since 1879 the shrine has been named as the Yasukuni Jinja (Ponsonby-Fane 1963 Yasukuni Shrine 2008). It has now require the principal shrine to commemorate the dead who have sacrificed their lives for Japan and its interest. When World War 2 ended, the United States and the Occupation Authorities issued what is now called the Shinto Directive. This directive ensured that the state and the religion was spaced in Japan. This obviously had an impact on the Yasukuni Shrine. It was pressurized that either the shrine be declared a phantasmal institution that will not be dependent on the Government or it can itself become a secular government institution. It was then decided by the general masses that the shine will become a private institution that will be privately funded. Since the year 1946 the shrine has been operational privately (Tetsuya 2008). There is no person buried in the Shrine. This is of the essence as only the souls are enshrined here. There are no ashes, graves or bones of any soldiers here. The priests here only act purification traditions for the souls of the dead. So the issue arose from the fact that there are many souls enshrined here that are considered to be World War 2 criminals. This enshrinement started in 1959 by the enshrining of 1068 souls that were either Class B or Class C criminals and were declared so before their execution by the tribunals of the Allied Forces. Then in 1978 the kami of cardinal soldiers was

HEB Grocery Store Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HEB Grocery Store - slip of paper Study ExampleIt holds the largest market sh ar in San Antonio, Corpus Christi, and Austin. HEB is consumeed by the H.E. Butts since the commencement of the twenty-first century when it was established and is the major private company in the state of Texas. The H-E-B slogan possesses the same acronym as its slogan, which reads out, as Here Everything is better. To accomplish this, HEBN has committed itself to low prices, exceptional service, and hail-fellow shopping. HEB has altered its selling mix in accordance to the environment. Since the company is popular with Ameri sterns of Mexican origin, they carry many Mexican vegetables that readiness seem foreign to most Americans. HEB thrives on the unique skills and talents of its diverse, dedicated partners who embody their commitment to excellence and suffer a strong, competitive advantage in the extremely competitive Texas market. One show of HEBs knowledgeable strength is the consistently high ranking in industry magazines like Forbes and Progressive Grocer. The companys long-standing support for charity has also grown a loyal base of customers. However, one of its major weaknesses is the demographical restriction as they mainly serve Texan towns. Externally, the company could look to increase its market sh atomic number 18 in towns outside Texas. They could also explore the opportunities from setting up shop in Mexico. The threats faced by HEB can all be tied to its numerous competitors, with Walmart a particularly fierce competitor. Various macro-environmental factors will modify the operations of HEB. These are economic factors like the economic crisis and technological ones too like social networking, which provides for a cheaper advertising platform. Additional factors are political and cultural in nature. HEB GROCERY STORE 1. Introduction & accent HEB Grocery Company is Americas fifteenth largest chain of grocery stores in terms of revenue, as well as being a ma rket leader in Texas. It holds the largest market share in San Antonio, Corpus Christi, and Austin. As the largest private company in the state of Texas, HEB is owned by the H.E. Butts since the beginning of the twentieth century when it was founded. With 269 stores in operation, most of its business revolves around combination food and pharmacy stores (Plunkett, 2009). Approximately 90 of the stores are small sized pantry stores that boast low prices, are built for convenience purposes and are located between Southwest atomic number 57 and South east Texas rural area. Sixty of the stores feature botch up N Go gasoline self-service islands. HEB also runs stores in Mexico, on top of those in Louisiana and Texas. Among the many products that they process are fruit drinks, meat, tortillas, baked goods, ice cream, cottage cheese, sour cream, yogurt, and milk. HEB also manufactures its own bottles and runs a photofinishing laboratory. The company does not have an official mission statem ent, although the H-E-B slogan, values, and commitments reveal the daily mission that they are involved. The H-E-B slogan possesses the same acronym, which reads out, as Here Everything is better. To accomplish this, HEBN has committed itself to low prices, exceptional service, and friendly shopping. HEB has always believed that hard work is vital, as well as given extra attention to care for their employees. Additionally, they have always dreamt big, hired great employees, offered the best customer service, as well as exchange the safest and freshest product (Hylton &

The Healthcare Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The health care Dilemma - Essay ExampleLater on, the Supreme Court declared that the Obama care had forced the state to register illegally for a Medicaid expansion together with the federal money that is set aside for it, in addition to threats of cutting off of Medicaid funds if they do not adhere to that. Many people who had embraced this coiffure have been affected tremendously. For instance, some have been forced to deploy some of their workers in their companies, hence count losses. This was a result of the cuts made to Medicaid reimbursement, and even some people are now left with dilemmas on what to do.It is usually painful and disturbing for an individual to incur losses on something that he/she did not expect, scarce coming into terms with it and accepting the situation the way it is is usually the surest way to find peace. Finally, I would same to advice all people affected by this act that they should try to view everything positively. This is because I am to a fault affected and I have lost a lot, but I usually keep the burning burning bearing in mind that I still have a long feeling to

Deforestation and the effects on the environment with philosophical Essay

Deforestation and the effects on the environment with philosophical theoretical issues - assay ExampleCurrent paper focuses on the expansion of deforestation as a critical environmental problem in countries internationally. Emphasis is given on the potential explanation of deforestation development usurp philosophical approaches. As already noted, deforestation affects all aspects of life its evaluation could be therefore initiated using philosophy, which has highly contributed in the explanation of critical social phenomena, such as the response of individuals to environmental threats. It is do clear that deforestation can be explained using philosophy, but the assumptions made can be severalise under the influence of the local social ethics and beliefs but also the level of the willingness of the local political science to guarantee the protection of natural environment. In any case, it seems that the expansion of deforestation is difficult to be controlled, as yet if appropr iate initiatives are developed for urging individuals to respond dynamically to the particular problem. In accordance with a relevant study, between the years 1950 and 1982 tropical forests worldwide shrank by between 25% and 40% (Babin 2004, p.63). ... This is the scotch aspect of deforestation. It seems that the most important effects of deforestation are not related to the market. Indeed, forests can specify biodiversity and help towards the regulation of temper (Montagnini 2005, p.115). At the same time, forests are valuable in exacting floods and retentiveness carbon at low levels (Montagnini 2005). In the study of Goudie (2006) reference is made to the role of forests in controlling the flow of river water, keeping the temperature of the water at a specific level and affecting the ingredients of menstruation water. Indeed, in accordance with the above researcher, forests help in the development of a chemistry process through which the ingredients of stream water are secu red, at the level that the forests are important sources of nutrients (Goudie 2006, p.152). The aesthetic aspect of forests cannot be ignored. At the same time, forests are used as areas of leisure, enhancing the relationship between the humans and the natural environment. However, their value is oft disregarded. Strong financial interests promote deforestation with no prior planning, leading, among other consequences, to severe turbulences on climate worldwide. As Montagnini (2005) notes the development of deforestation internationally reveals the inability of governments to introduce effective plans in regard to sustainability and steering of natural resources. Moreover, the expansion of deforestation indicates the lack of willingness to control economic interests of multinationals, which hold the major responsibility for the mathematical group increase of deforestation the last decade. From this point of view, deforestation cannot

Employment Contract Essay Example for Free

example Contract EssayEmployment ContractThis Employment Agreement is made effective as of June 26th, 2013 and is between Joshua James, Frederick Alan, and Dave Darwin of the Builders Licensing and Training Institute in Grand Rapids, loot (referred to as the company) and lav Andrews (referred to as the employee).The terms of this AT-WILL Employment Contract are set out below. Employment.The Company shall employ John Andrews as a building instructor. This employee shall provide to the Company the following work John Andrews accepts and agrees to such employment, and agrees to be subject to the general supervision, advice, and direction of the owners of the Company. The employee should perform duties that are customarily performed by an employee in this position. The Company shall employ John Andrews at least forty hours a week including holidays. Also, the employee may be required to work weekends and some mandatory overtime every pay period. Best Efforts of Employment.The employee John Andrews agrees to perform to the best of his ability, experience, and talents to perform the duties that may be set forth or expressed by the Company including the implicit terms of this agreement. Ownership of Social Media.Any social media that is used by the employee objet dart chthonic Company time is property of the Company. This includes but is non limited to contacts acquired through the Company examples alike(p) addresses, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, Linked In, and other social media. Compensation of Employee.As compensation for the services provided by John Andrews under this agreement, the Company will pay John Andrews an annual salary of $50,000 in accordance with the Companys usual payroll procedures, not including overtime pay which will be based upon the usual hourly rate for such employment. Upon termination of this agreement, payment shall cease, however, John Andrews shall be compensated for periods or partial periodsthat occurred front to t he date of termination. Confidentiality After Termination of Employment.The confidentiality of this agreement and information of the company are special and unique assets and charter to be protected from improper disclosure. In consideration of this, John Andrews agrees that for a period of two long time following termination or removal from the company whether voluntary or involuntary will not directly or indirectly engage in any business competition with the Builders Licensing and Training Insitute.Employee account ______________________________ Date _________________Employee Signature _______________________________ Date _________________

Stevensons opening in Dr. Jekyll Essay Example for Free

St pull downsons opening in Dr. Jekyll EssayThe novels Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, written in 1885, and The Body Snatchers, written in ______ thunder mug be seen as novels with a black letter genre as well as mystery stories. They digest the indorser to become captivated and absorbed within the text so that they can find go forth the intriguing nature of the novel, coming across as the story unfolds via clues and hints as to what twists atomic number 18 involved in the plot and characters to unveil the mystery. In the era these novels were written, they were the first in their kind in terms of the gothic genre and as mysterious texts where the turn of events or the characters demeanour was non predictable. They can be considered as novels which look at the darker side of a persons capabilities, this was a new fancy to the prudishs in the 19th blow. The defend, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde raises issues of and supports the fancy of the dual nature of man, prissy hypocrisy, the bestial nature of man and the experimentation with science and drugs. The issues within the book created a whole new genre in the nineteenth century for such books including The Body Snatchers and bloody shame Shelleys Frankenstein, which can as well be categorised into this genre. In this essay I forget explore Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde as a mystery and a gothic story.I will include historical, social and cultural intimacy of the Victorian era and comp argon this to The Body Snatchers as both mystery and gothic stories. I will also discuss the meaning female genitalia the stories and the effect it has on the reader. In the Victorian era the pattern of a man having or cosmos able to have a dual nature was unthinkable. They did non believe that something like that could be possible, where a person could combine both the good self and the unskilled self within one individual, this opening was non supported by the beliefs they had, unlike today where the curtain raising of a spl it personality is not un cognize or unthinkable.This was until a social scientist, James squealer introduced the thought of the individual psyche = externalisation verses internalisation, the second self. It is from this hypothesis that doppleganger originates from, In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Stevenson introduces this theory into 19th Century literature where Dr Jekyll is the good, which from Hoggs theory says is controlled by the right side of the brain and Mr Hyde is the abhorrence character, which according to the theory is controlled by the left side of his brain, it is the one person with the two truly different personalities struggling against each other.Stevenson has shown reflected this theory through the characters, Dr Jekyll universe good and Mr Hyde be the lousiness side of the same person. In The Body Snatchers, this concept of the dual nature of a man, Stevenson portrays through Fettes as a young man, who when he awakens after the ordeal as an older man, his evil side comes through while he is under the influence of Dr Macfarlane. The Victorians were really religious people, for centuries it was believed that people had originated or created directly by God, the thought of developing had never occurred until Darwins theory, the Theory of maturation in 1859.This shocked the Victorians the thought that they had evolved and where in a sense the descendents of primates, revealing that they were no longer brag beings would have been the biggest shock to people in that era. Darwins theory and beliefs were rejected and associated with both blasmafy and evil. The theory had been rejected and primed(p) to one side, however the thought and the fear associated with Darwins work lived on with the people. Stevenson brings a hint of Darwins theory of evolution to his novel in the form of Hydes character.The bestial nature of a man is portrayed in the evil side, as he is pictured as ape-like with descriptions of his stance compared to an animal, he stoops like a monkey and he was heard making grunting noises like an animal. These descriptions would drive fear into the reader in the 19th Century as it reflects on Darwins theory of Evolution. In The Body Snatchers, Stevenson has used the bestial nature again to recognize the actions of the characters to stir the evil calious of their actions. As two vultures may swoop upon a dying lamb, Fettes and Mcfarlane were to let loose upon a grave. This description compares the characters actions to animals desecrating corpses, it is descriptive of what they are just about to do, which reflects the bestial nature of a man. The movements of Mcfarlane reflect his bestial nature, flutter like a serpent, Stevensons use of similes create both atmosphere and clear images of the characters involving the reader. Stevenson uses animal words to describe the charters and their actions which do reflect Darwins theory and would be very significant for a reader in the Victorian era.During the Victo rian times, society and a persons social standing was very primary(prenominal), it was highly regarded, with more emphasis model on it than in todays society. Men who demanded respect in society, the upper class or the professional were evaluate to appear to be gentlemen at tout ensemble times, they had a certain standard they had to uphold when in public. Noblemen looked the incite as they were well bred, upstanding and respectable within their social class with the manners and the educational place learnting to match.This was somewhat different to the activities that took place behind closed doors, where they could be who they rattling where and fulfil all their whims of drinking, maneuver and whatever else they desired regardless of how it would be viewed in society. It was acceptable as it was going on behind closed doors. Noblemen did not practise what they preached and were in fact, hypocrites, a person who pretends to be more virtuous than they really are. The behavi our was known in society, however it was never acknowledged or mentioned that they hid dark secrets.Many critics even suspect that Jekyll and Hyde was a self-administration by Stevenson of his own dark nature. Victorian hypocrisy is an underlying theme Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, with it being represented by Dr Jekyll I was the first that could thus plod in the public eye with a load of genial respectability, and in the moment, like a schoolboy, strip off these lendings and spring headlong into the sea of liberty. In this quote he is explaining that with Hyde is able to behave how he really wants to, by acting freely to fulfil all desires and not losing any of his social standing or grace.The hypocrisy here lies with the master(prenominal) character, Dr Jekyll represents the respectable overlord while Mr Hyde reflects Dr Jekylls acts behind closed doors, he is the side that can be ruthless in society as he cannot be recognised as Dr Jekyll and therefore he does not lose any social g race within his social circle or in society. Dr Jekyll makes excuses for what his evil side does, either something cruel and harmful or something appalling by saying It was Hyde, after all and Hyde alone that was guilty. This is Jekylls way of clearing his conscious of all the unsocial crimes he commits.He accepts no function for his own creation, Hyde and is therefore a hypocrite because he wants to have the social standing and respect in society in addition to fulfilling his darker side. Stevenson shows us how he deals with his own hypocrisy by pay for Hydes actions, paying a cheque for trampling on the little girl. Through his actions of payment he is trying to fall out his respectable image as an upstanding citizen that he portrays, although it is due to his own guilt of knowing about Hydes actions and not stopping them in some way.In The Body Snatchers, Stevenson has not included this theme of Victorian Hypocrisy so extensively, he touches on it slightly, with Fettes, the yo ung doctor with the respect and social standing who changed himself from being young and irresponsible, who was highly influenced by peer pressure, After a night of turbulent pressures the ordeal changed him for the better, the root is reflecting and portraying the different sides of a person and how man can be influenced especially when it is for the worse.The author also uses, Dr Macfarlane to portray hypocrisy, who breathing, as he did, of wealth and consideration, was a murderer with a black soul underneath, this consultation represents the hypocrisy of the character because in society he is view as a respectable nobleman who is wealthy and is well to do, however he is committing a huge social crime by being a murderer. A character who is well known can commit such crimes and get out with them this represents hypocrisy. Both these novels by Stevenson fit into the gothic genre.This is depicted through the descriptions and images the author creates for the reader to use. Atmos phere and chastentings are also important for the gothic genre as it is used to set the scenes and allow to reader to get word the backdrop to where the crimes or the acts of horror are taking place. The settings allow the author to build up emphasis and suspense for the reader adding to the gothic nature of this genre in the novels. Within the gothic genre are the authors use of setting and scenery, which contribute largely to the essence of it.Both the novels have been set in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is set in London, while The Body Snatchers is set in Edinburgh. This has relevance to the genre as a gothic story will usually have the background setting of a major well known city, which the people who read the novel or story will be able to relate to. The concept of Pathetic Fallousy, the weather descriptions are very important to this genre as the settings and the descriptive nature set the scene for what is going to happen.The weather is significant as self-aggrandizing or horri fic scenes are associated with lamentable weather, setting the atmosphere and mood for the events of the story. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde the concept of pathetic fallousy provides a major connection in this novel as the gothic atmosphere allows the reader to visually set the scene. The weather references are gothic in nature, descriptions of the rain, the extensive grey skies and clouds.The descriptive detail of the town the abandoned street, the broken down sphere surrounding them, the atmosphere created allows the reader to experience what it would feel like, the dark nights with the faded distant sounds allow the reader to feel involved. The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city, where the lamps glimmer like carbuncles and through the dampen and smother of these fallen clouds. This quote represents the way in which the author engrosses the reader into the text with a very effective atmosphere surrounding detailed description.Stevenson has achieved a very descriptiv e image of the town, the context important to the concept of pathetic fallousy are the weather words of fog and clouds The Body Snatchers weather descriptions and atmospheric settings are consistent with this genre, they are continuous through out the novel, which reinforces the idea and the gothic nature of the novel at all times to the reader. With the descriptions Stevenson is able to set the scene of the town with the atmosphere enclosing it.There was a thin, bright moonshine, it was bitter cold windy and frosty the town had not yet awakened. This quote tells us that the town was yet to known the events of the night before. When an author uses pathetic fallousy, it allows them to convey future events to the reader as it enables them to connect the mood of the events or actions in the novel with the weather conditions. In gothic genre novels, the worse the weather conditions the worse the event which is or has taken place.If the weather conditions are foggy, stormy, windy and gen erally reproachful it makes the reader think that something bad or disturbing mite occur, under a blanket of bad weather. It adds to the readers anticipation, holding there interests with the descriptions allowing the reader to actually feel and visualise the background settings, into the black night. Another cleave of the gothic genre is the use of descriptive words which creates imagery in the mind of the reader. Stevensons opening in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde begins with a character description of Hyde.This is a strong opening, shocking the reader from the start, as he is not a pleasant figure. This opening sets the tone for the whole novel, making the reader curious as to who or what that figure is. Questions are put in the mind of reader from the descriptive gothic nature of the novel. Stevenson combine the gothic genre with Darwins theory of Evolution successfully with reference to Hyde. He is numerously referred to as bestial, this is supportive of the theory that humans are s uperior beings but have evolved from animals.His nature is not human like, he has behaviour void of any emotion to the people he attacks, like an animal. Stevenson uses words relating to his bestial nature to describe particular aspects of him like his voice, enhancing the overall image the reader has created, as husky. It creates imagery of a dog / barbarian like creature making Hyde more real to the reader as they can image what he sounds like. Hydes presence made people fear him because of his appearance, when he was sighted he was described as hapless but his features were indescribable but somewhat deformed.

Surreal vs. Real Life Essay Example for Free

dreamlike vs. Real tone EssayEvery sane human at peerless point in their bread and thoter wishes and dreams of, and correct craves the existence of a utopia, a surreal conduct. All (all as in commendation to human realitys, with a mature level of thinking) indigence a emotional state that eat upers more of an upward constancy compared to a current state of being, which in some aspect may be lacking. Where an ideal life may not include any troubles found today, and offers the cliche of clouds with a silver lining, real life includes not only if troubles but as well as so much more, which provides many nameable contrasts between the two. In one world there is sunshine all year round, in the early(a) a grossly dispute variety, often not wanting to be faced.In the perfect life, there is happiness and freedom from difficulty and hardships. Heaven on earth, long thought over and sought by many, a truly tantalizing mouth watering alteration of our existence that is so wanted, yet completely out of reach. Everyones daydream is consoling to dream, take them to this imaginary place where every home is of equal value, every car is built by the same manufacturer, and every family has the same number of children, and includes pets. This is where it neer rains on game day, or on anyones parade. Its also the seemingly perfect place, sound economically as well as politically. A dream begin true, for most, with an almost euphoric peace of mind. A world where it is safe to unlock your doors, take the bars off your windows, never fears that your car parked on the street will in some office be damaged, and go a walk well after dark. Children can play outside without fear of being viscously attacked, even by the neighbors dog.Where everything that does happens, happens for a reason, but is always beneficial. Everything is proficient as it should be, because another way would be unknown. All living things are never without, never wanting, never needy. on that point would be no controversy to out do one another no two people standing in turnabout corners waiting to battle over who has greater stamina, or more power everyone is equal. People are cultured and respectful, and have no reason for malice or greed. Grief and suffering over the loss of something, of someone, would never come, for in a utopia, there is no death, or even days filled with gloom. As a matter of fact there is nothing, and life suchas this is typical for this world from our point of view, but expected, and appreciated.Now the dream crushing normalcy, or life as we know it. Without a shadow of a doubt, life is not perfect no matter how outward appearances may seem. What is shown on the outside may be a shield to hide the turmoil within. Actors or actresses, singers, millionaires and even royalty encounter problems that they must face, and conquer just the same as the middle and lower class. Real life offers two extremes overcome joy such as the birth of a baby a marriage a fabrication of loved ones for a special celebration, and horrendous sorrow like death, loss of love, or any other unforeseen tragedy. With low-lying mediums where the day isnt any better, or isnt any worse because the preceding or possibly the following. Life brings trials and tribulations, which assist us in snapping back into the harsh reality of every day. compensate the short spurts of good luck granted to us, the lost souls, are more of a burden then a pleasure, for we all know that one day all good things must come to an end. Happiness, the only comparison between real and the surreal, is merely a rock compared to the mountain of pain. Terrorist attacks, death, famine, destruction, starvation, murder, drug abuse, suicide, broken homes, just to name a few, would be a fictional horror stories told by campfire, and would never occur in the utopian world, which is why they are so different.Contrasting the surreal and the norm is like contrasting night and day. Think about it. In a utopian world everybody would literally be free of the shackles of normal life. Whereas in our lives, people are imprisoned for violent crimes committed and the masses are in a constant state of fear. Now not to be completely one sided, a surreal life and our everyday life have in common, a handful of things. We are not here to hold forth the likeness, but the enormous range of differences that make a fairly tale life so desirable. Life grants everyone opportunities, but in return we must give up something, i.e., friends, family, that special someone, ECT, so either way we are, in a sense, constantly unhappiness. In a utopia we could have both. Actually we could have it all. This brings me to a question. Who would want to live in a world where everything is perfect, in a constant state of contentment? Therewould never be any excitement from a natural perspective life would be irksome boring.One must admit if given the choice to live in a perfect world describ ed as a black and white movie or a fiction novel, or to live in a world filled with color, the choice would be carefully thought and not made in haste, and all pros and cons would be heavily weighed. Why, because the decision to live within or on a flat plane with no peaks and valleys, versus the spice if you will of reality would be difficult for some, for even though the challenge may be unwanted, there would be curiosity as to what will happen, and that is exciting. prone all aspects, most would choose to live in the world we currently inhabit, despite the drama, devastation, or idealisation we are never sure as to what we are going hear, of whiteness, from one day to the next, whether it is good or bad and with that we truly experience life. While it may not always be taken accordingly, it is fulfilling in all ways.

Difference Between Economic Growth and Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Difference Between economical result and Economic schooling EssayEconomic growth is a narrower concept than economic development.It is an increase in a countrys real level of national output which can be caused by an increase in the quality of resources (by education etc.), increase in the quantity of resources improvements in technology or in other way an increase in the value of goods and services produced by every sector of the economy. Economic Growth can be measured by an increase in a countrys GDP (gross domestic product). Economic development is a normative concept i.e. it applies in the context of peoples sense of morality (right and wrong, good and bad). The comment of economic development given by Michael Todaro is an increase in living standards, improvement in self-pride needs and freedom from oppression as well as a greater choice.The most blameless method of measuring development is the Human Development Index which motors into account the literacy rates life hope which affect productivity and could lead to Economic Growth. It also leads to the creation of more opportunities in the sectors of education, healthcare, employment and the conservation of the environment.It implies an increase in the per capita income of every citizen. Economic Growth does not take into account the size of the easy economy.The informal economy is also known as the black economy which is unrecorded economic activity. Development alleviates people from low standards of living into proper employment with suitable shelter. Economic Growth does not take into account the depletion of natural resources which might lead to pollution, congestion disease. Development however is concerned with sustainability which means merging the needs of the present without compromising future needs. These environmental effects are becoming more of a problem for Governments now that the pressure has increased on them due to Global warming. Economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition of economic development.

Christmas past Essay Example for Free

Christmas past EssayThe murk and darkness thickened so, that lot ran out with flaring links And The ancient tower of a church, whose sour old bell was al meanss peeping slily down at tike out of a gothic windowpane in the wall, became invisible This sums up Scrooge, dark and dull, and sets the scene for the events that are to follow. The weather is essentially used to set about the picture mysterious and dismal, and foretells the proceedings in the remainder of the novel. The second contact whom we witness is the ghost of Christmas past.Its nervus facialis features arent quite distinguishable as it looks like a young child and an old man at the same time. It was a strange figure like a child notwithstanding not so like a child as like an old man, viewed through some supernatural fair This may be because it resembles memories, which are also distorted and blurry. He shows Scrooge as a child, and Scrooges sheds disunite at the sight of himself missing out on the fun, si tting in a corner training a book. Scrooge sat down upon a form, and wept to see his poor forgotten self as he used to be. The ghost of Christmas past also manages to show Scrooge his sister and former employer and how twee they are. He is trying to show Scrooge what a real Employer and uncle should act like. The third ghost that appears is the ghost of Christmas present. This is once again a warning ghost a ghost who is there to warn Scrooge of what his actions are doing to different people. The ghost of Christmas present takes Scrooge to see other people who are slight fortunate than him provided still manage to be jolly and enjoy what they confirm at Christmas time.The emotional state accompanies Scrooge to the house of Bob Cratchit, Scrooges clerk. Scrooge pays Bob a very low salary but the Cratchit family still manage to enjoy Christmas and make the most of what they do have even though they have a sick son, minute Tim, who will most likely fret. Scrooge looks at the f amily, and becomes attached to diminutive Tim, and the fact that he is so ill, has a huge effect on Scrooge. Scrooge was touched in the same way as the reader is by Tiny Tim. Even Tiny Tim, excited by the two young Cratchits, beat on the table with the handle of his knife, and feebly cried Hurrah Scrooge wants to sock more about Tiny Tim. Say he will be spared. The Spirit also repeats Scrooges wrangling to him that he said to some portly gentle men collecting for the poor, Scrooge had said If he is going to die hed better hurry up and do it and decrease the surplus population. Scrooge feels extremely guilty at having his own words thrown back at him, and he realises he needs to be kinder and circuit over Bob a rise in salary. The last intention to visit Scrooge is the Ghost of Christmas yet to come. This spirit is very different to the Ghost of Christmas present.It is much more frightening in manner and coming into court and is the genus of ghost you might expect to find in an archetypal ghost story. Like all the other spirits, he is described in tremendous detail, but in a slightly different way to the others. The others were definitely inspiring, but the last one is shrouded in mystery and the classic tension and atmosphere starts to build-up. The spirit is said to be shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible, hold on one outstretched hand. This description portrays the ghost as being gloomy and mysterious. The spirit reveals how things will turn out if Scrooge does not change. He shows Scrooge the death of a young, helpless child, Bob Cratchits son, Tiny Tim. He also shows him what things will be like after he dies if he doesnt change. This ghost shows what people thought of Scrooge too. He frightened every one away from him when he was alive, to profit us when he was dead. Others were pleased about his death. It was a happier house for this mans death There are some men talking in the street about Scrooges death. One said, What has he done with his money. I havent heard, replied the other leftfield it to his company, perhaps. He hasnt left it to me. Thats all I know. These comments just go to show how much the general everyday despised Scrooge. Dickens uses the three spirits to go through his life and show the real Ebenezer Scrooge, not the grumpy, rich and sinful one. He also wants to show that inside every typical rich humane being, there is a true person it just takes something to bring it out.

Learning Portfolio Essay Example for Free

Learning Portfolio EssayDuring the semester, I convey had to develop a unique call for structure that was going to maximize the efficiency with which I utilized my require sentence. Before starting the tendency, I read the study handbook so that I could build up a rough idea of what the trail entailed and the nature of information I would be required to familiarize myself with. This enabled me to identify separate relevant sources of information besides the books suggested in the recommended reading list. In the process of reading these fabrics, I took brief notes of the ideas and points that appe atomic number 18d noteworthy. Being in a non-English speaking coun quiz, obtaining relevant books and other resource materials was more than or less(prenominal)how thought-provoking. I knowing to utilize the net to lose books and journal articles from electronic libraries and databases. I withal had to subscribe to various journals so that I could get updated news about the billet since I realized that criminology is a dynamic topic and it requires one to get case studies and briefs.After the onset of the manakin, I had to develop effective study habits so that I could fig up my time while staying on top of my work. I realized that in order to succeed, I had to shit the right decisions about managing my time and resources. I had to give my studies the priority they deserve and I did not let friends or family dictate to me on what aspects of my life were more important than others.My concentration and grasping ability is at its peak during the morning hours, at quiet and cool surroundings which do not offer some(prenominal) distraction. I guided in discussions and debates surrounding the course material since I know getting the perspective of my fellow students and their contributions on the points I might rich person missed is really important.Concerning my assignments, I continuously authorise sure I retain completed them on time and I review them before each class. I also co-relate assignment content and what is in my notes to ensure that I take away completed them satisfactorily. I rely on my notes for this because they are very comprehensive since I review and update them after either class usually including paraphrasing content in my own words and including examples.These study strategies I adopted during the semester are very effective, and after cross-checking with my fellow students and a collection of study guides available in the internet, I form out that they are still very relevant. Of course, I know on that point will always be ways of improving them as challenges mount. For example, I rear out that I had actually misunderstood some concepts and ideas I had assumed I fully understood, so I need to liaise with my professor and study group more.When I started this course, I did not have a clear understanding of what was really anticipate of me. I did not know if what I was doing was right or wr ong, so I had to get the dish of my fellow students, friends who had already graduated from the course and my professor to help me learn how to express my points and ideas. I always want to look that I am living up to expectation, so I always judge feedback to help me identify areas I can improve on.I have formed a legitimate effort to request my colleagues and supervisors so that I can refine my perspective regarding key concepts and ideas. In my examine to be an all-rounder, I specify the kind of feedback I need from my colleagues, professors and supervisors at work. I do not just ask for a critique of the quality and quantity of effort I put in my studies or my work, but I also seek to find out other heaps perception of how effective or ineffective my interaction with other people and the system is. I also gave some of my essays to friends and colleagues to read and used their criticism and opinions to improve on my essay writing skills.I feel that I can use the feedback I obtain regarding my study and work strategies and quality to improve by developing plans of action based on it on a regular basis. Feedback is effective only if it is tangled in the review of strengths and weaknesses so that the actions taken can be specifically tailored to build on my strengths and work on my weaknesses.It is however important to note that feedback can only be genuine if the quester also reciprocates by giving feedback to the people he or she seeks opinion from. Even though some people may not like getting feedback on their performance especially if it is negative, I try as much as possible to reciprocate by giving genuine feedback to those willing to mark it so that I can receive an equal measure in return.I would be fair if I say that this course has been an eye opener for me. Through planning my time to fulfill course requirements like attending to classes and completing my assignments in time, I have learnt to be more organized not only in class but in other spheres of my life. The need for efficiency make me engage in research in an attempt to identify better, faster and more effective reading styles, and I perfected these on this course. I have attained a better reading speed and I have become better in both written and spoken English.Through research and provision for writing my essays, I have improved on my writing skills a great deal. I have learnt several referencing styles and I could even take a chance at lord writing as of now. Criminology requires articulate presentation of ideas, facts and arguments and this course has sum upd my analytical skills and the depth of my thinking.In the past, I have riddle of been what social scientists would call a right brain thinker. To me, an occurrence or a phenomenon was true or false, black or white. But the course has taught me to think from different perspectives. This has been a big change for me military strength in mind that I have been quite opinioned about criminology issues but I have learned to pay attention and get many sides to any event.Starting university has had an enormous impact on my academician, personalised and work life as well. Being a student and working at the same time is a challenge for many people. I work and study and since I realize that both are important to my life, I dont let one take the time of the other. I do not take time off to study or skip classes to work or because I worked late but I do take some hours off to catch up on my assignments and to engage in extracurricular activities to refresh my faculties and also to write my essay.As far as my snobbish life is concerned, my academic engagements have made it necessary to study on most nights and weekends but the hold up has been good since I have gained the ability to see things from an academic and professional angle and reason likewise.This course has definitely induced a lot of changes in me. For starters, I have learned to be pliable to divergent thoughts and ideas , and since I have learned so much in the process, I have found out that some of the opinions I hold regarding other people and occurrences are not necessarily justified. With an increase in knowledge comes a change in heart, and the new ideas, concepts and facts I have learned have changed my opinion and attitude a great deal.Since the beginning of this course, I have continually learned that there is so much information out there for me to absorb and apply in my essays, arguments and in my professional life. Information for real has the capacity to change someones beliefs. The more I am challenged, the more I have become aware of the need and the virtue of being able to tolerate the values, beliefs and attitudes of other people.By virtue of the amount of literature I have had to cover, my attitude towards work has changed. Work, be it academic or professional, is no longer an obligation to me, but an opportunity to improve my vistas of knowledge and my capacity to interact with pe ople, information and real life circumstances. In other words, the course has given me an opportunity to grow in character as a person.Through the study of moral values as they apply in criminology and psychology, I have learned that morality is a very personal issue and that not a single person can rationally claim to have more superior values as compared to others. In as such, my attitude to people has changed a lot, and I am no longer dissolute to judge the actions of others without first establishing the motives behind their actions.Creative and research and essay writing has taught me the importance of respecting intellectual property. I have come across so much written material in this course materials which have increased my knowledge base in ways I could not have imagined. It is a depend of fact that people somewhere took their time to do research, derive facts and write them down plus their birth to and application in real life situations. It is not only responsible but also respectable therefore to respect their rights to their work by responsibly using these works.Responsible use of literary material is achieved by avoiding plagiarism. This entails proper use of resources and the application of correct referencing techniques to cite the contribution of existing literature in any produced essays or research papers. I had never done any referencing before, but the resources providing guidelines for referencing available at the university website helped me a lot in learning how to responsibly utilize literary materials without abusing intellectual property.As I pointed out earlier, I did not know what was expected of me before actually joining this course. As the course progressed, I came to realize that it is actually a very interesting course. Even though it is quite challenging in terms of difficulty in comprehending some of the concepts taught, I do not regret pickings it.The course has made me understand people better and have valuable insight on the motivations people have while committing some of the activities they commit. As I said earlier, I had to work as I undertook this course. The responsibilities could have been overwhelming for most people and their families, but the experience brought me closer to my wife who supported me throughout the duration of the course and has still continued to support me.In terms of my professional experience, the course has overt up my mind and conscience. I have met a lot of interesting people and the experience has made me a better communicator, improving the relationship between me and my work colleagues. I am a very ambitious person and I want to continue growing professionally, that is why I decided to progress my education in the first place. My ambition sometimes brings me at odds with my colleagues, but I have known how to effectively handle their aggressions. I hope that these skills are going to push me up the professional ladder, even though this is going to take some ti me considering the system of my place of work.

Rebellion against romanticism Essay Example for Free

Rebellion against romanticism EssayRealism can be seen as a rebellion against romanticism, which, according to realists, did not depict life accurately and was prone to over-sentimentality. Realists did not believe in the structure and symmetry common in romantic fiction. Realists viewed life as irregular, where individuals were always confronted with ethical dilemmas. The realists likewise valued the individual, and thus characterization was considered a central aspect of the novel. This also means that realists explored the psychology of a novels characters.The values of realism extended to and influenced Henry James. James also dealt with ethical issues and the complex working of the promontory in his fiction, and even became considered the father of the psychological novel. James, however, unlike realists in general, did not write in an military capability of optimism. A theme that James explored deeply is the conflict of America (the New World), which for him represente d innocence and optimist, and europium (the Old World), which for him represented worldliness and decadence.He wrote of Americans visiting or living in Europe, where American and European customs were in conflict. Because he lived back and forth in America and Europe, he was able to get firsthand the differences between the values and customs of the New World and the Old. James was also elicit in spiritual phenomena, which was of much popular interest in his time. This also influenced him into writing ghost stories, such as The Turn of the Screw.James, as a writer, was primarily a realist, and much of his work can be categorize as psychological realism. He was a master of the psychological novel. Like other realists in his time, was interested in writing about everyday things and paid careful attention to detail in his writings. He strove for an accurate depiction of American life, often in the context of Old World, European society.

Rome and Han china Essay Example for Free

not bad(p) of Italy and Han china Essay1. papistical Republic The gunpoint from 507 to 31 B. C. E. , during which capital of Italy was by and large g everywherened by the aristocratic popish Senate. 2. roman letters Senate A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early female monarchs, in the era of the roman print Republic the Senate effectively goerned the Roman adduce and the growing conglomerate. Under Senate leadership, Rome conquered an pudding stone of unprecedented extent in the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.In the first century B. C. E.quarrels among powerful and wishful senators and failure to address social and stinting problems led to civic wars and the emergence of the rule of the emperors. 3. Augustus (63 B. C. E. -14 c. e. ) Honorific piddle of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the legions dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. After defeatin g all touch ons, env press out by 31 B. C. E. and 14 C. E. he laid the groundwork for several centuries of stpower and prosperity in the Roman Empire. 4. Roman Principate A barrier used to characterize Roman g overnment in the first terzetto centuries C.E. , based on the ambiguous title princeps (first citizen) adopted by Augustus to conceal his military machine dictatorship. 5. pax romana Literally, Roman peace, it connoted the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first 2 centuries C. E. The driving force of pot and trade goods along Roman roads and safe seas allowed for the airing of cultural practices, technologies, and religious ideas. 6. Romanization The sue by which the Latin language and Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces of the Roman Empire.The Roman governing did not agilely seek to Romanize the subject bulks, only indigenous peoples in the provinces oftentimes chose to Romanize because of the governmental and economic advantages that it brought, as well as the allure of Roman success. 7. Jesus (ca. 5 B. C. E. -34 C. E. ) A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. He was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans. Hailed as the Messiah and son of God by his followers, he became the central radiation diagram in Christianity, a belief dodge that developed in the centuries subsequently(prenominal) his death.8. aqueduct A conduit, either august or under ground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location-usually a urban center-that needed it. The Romans built many aqueducts in a period of substantial urbanization. 9. threesome-century crisis of the Roman Empire Historians term for the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century C. E. frequent changes of ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasions, radioactive decay of urban centers, and near-destruc tion of long-distance commerce and the monetary economy. After 284 C. E.Diocletian restored order by do fundamental changes. 10. Nero debauched Roman emperor (stepson of the emperor Claudius) who for centuries was blamed for the great fire of Rome in 64 CE. 11. Cicero was an orator and statesman of Rome and is generally considered the greatest Latin prose stylistwas executed after criticizing Marc Anthony and the other two members of the Second Triumverate. 12. Tacitus Roman historiangreatest works The Annals (in which he blames Nero for the 64 CE fire in Rome) and The Histories 10. Constantine (285-337 C. E. ) Roman emperor (r.312-337). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the peachy to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. 11. Qin A people and state in the Wei Valley of east china that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire (221-206 B. C. E. ). The Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and ruthlessly marshalled subjects for military and construction projects, engendering hostility that led to the fall of his dynasty shortly after his death. The Qin framework was largely taken over by the succeeding Han Empire. 12.Shi Huangdi Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B. C. E. ). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states, standardization of practices, and forcible organization of push back for military and engineering tasks. His tomb, with its army of life-size terracotta soldiers, has been partially excavated. I. Romes creative activity of a Mediterranean Empire, 753 B. C. E. -330 C. E. A. Geography and resources 1. Italy and Sicily are at a crossroads of the Mediterranean and serve as a link between Africa and Europe. Rome is at a crossroads of the Italian peninsula. 2.Italys natural resources entangle navigable rivers, forests, iron, a mild climate, and enough arable land to support a large universe of farmers who se surplus product and travail could be apply by the Roman state. B. A republic of farmers 1. Rome was inhabited at least as early as 1000 B . C. E. According to caption it was rule by seven kings between 753 B. C. E. and 507 B. C. E. Kingship was eliminated in 507 B. C. E. when representatives of the senatorial class of large landholders overthrew the last king and established a republic. 2. The centers of political power were the two consuls and the Senate.In practice, the Senate made laws and governed. 3. The Roman family consisted of several generations surviving under the absolute authority of the oldest living male, the patriarch. 4. Society was hierarchical. Families and individuals were tied together by patron/ lymph gland relationships that institutionalized inequality and gave both sides of the relationship reason to cooperate and to support the status quo. 5. Roman women had relatively more freedom than Greek women, but their legal status was st poorly that of a ch ild, subordinate to the paterfamilias or her own or her husbands family.Eventually procedures evolved which made it possible for some women to become independent after the death of their fathers. 6. Romans worshiped a large number of supernatural spirits as well as major(ip) gods such(prenominal) as Jupiter and Mars. Proper performance of ritual ensured that the gods continued to favor the Roman state. C. Expansion in Italy and the Mediterranean 1. Rome began to expand, at first slowly and then very rapidly in the third and second centuries B. C. E. until it became a huge Mediterranean empire.Possible explanations for this expansion include greed, aggressiveness, the need for consuls to prove themselves as military commanders during their one year in office, and a constant fear of being attacked. 2. During the first full stop of expansion, Rome conquered the rest of Italy (by 290 B. C. E. ). Rome won the support of the people of Italy by granting them Roman citizenship. As citizens , these people then had to provide soldiers for the military. 3. In the next stages of expansion, Rome first defeated Carthage to gain control over the western Mediterranean and Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain (264-202 B. C. E. ).Next, between 200 and 30 B. C. E. Rome defeated the Hellenistic kingdoms to take over the lands of the Eastern Mediterranean. Between 59 and 51 B. C. E. , Gains Julius Caesar conquered the Celts of Gaul. 4. The Romans used local elite groups to administer and tax the divers(a) provinces of their rapidly expanding and far-flung empire. A Roman governor, who served a single one- year term in office, administer the local administrators. This system was inadequate and prone to corruption. D. The failure of the republic 1. As Rome grow, the social and economic bases of the Roman republic in Italy were undermined by change.While men from independent farming families were forced to ordain their time to military gain, large landowners bought up their land to creat e great estates chattered latifundia. This meant both a decline in Romes source of soldiers and a decline in food production, as latifundia owners preferred to grow property crops like grapes rather than staple crops such as wheat. 2. Since slave fag was cheap in an expanding empire, Italian skinflints, driven off the land and not employed by the latifundia, drifted into the cities where they formed a fractious sluggish underclass. 3.As the independent farming family that had been the traditional source of soldiers disappeared, Roman commanders built their armies from men from the underclass who tended to tie-in their loyalty, not to the Roman state, but to their commander. This led to generals taking control of politics, to civil wars, and finally to the end of the republican system of government. 4. Julius Caesars grandnephew Octavian (also known as Augustus) took power in 31 B. C. E. , reorganized the Roman government, and ruled as a military dictator. After Augustus died, several members of his family succeeded him.However, the position of emperor was not necessarily transmitted in the end, armies chose emperors. E. An urban empire 1. About 80 percent of the 50 to 60 million people of the Roman Empire were rural farmers, but the empire was administered through with(predicate) and for a network of cities and towns. In this sense, it was an urban empire. Rome had about a million residents, other large cities (Alexandria, Antioch, Carthage) several hundred thousand each, plot many Roman towns had populations of several thousand. 2. In Rome, the upper classes lived in elegant, well-built, well-appointed houses many aristocrats also possess country villas.The poor lived in dark, dank, fire-prone wooden tenements in squalid slums built in the low-lying split of the city. 3. Provincial towns imitated Rome both in urban planning and in urban administration. The local elite, who served the interests of Rome, henpecked town councils. The local elite also served their communities by using their wealth to construct amenities such as aqueducts) baths, theatres, gardens, temples, and other public works and entertainment projects. 4. Rural life in the Roman empire involved lots of hard work and very little entertainment.Rural people had little contact with representatives of the government. By the early centuries C. E. absentee landlords who lived in the cities owned approximately rural land, while the land was worked by renter fanners supervised by hired foremen. 5. Manufacture and trade flourished under the pax romana. Grain had to be trade to feed the huge city of Rome. Rome and the Italian towns (and of later, provincial centers) exported glass, metalwork, pottery, and other manufactures to the provinces. Romans also imported Chinese silk and Indian and Arabian spices. 6. One of the effects of the Roman Empire was Romanization.In the western part of the Empire, the Latin language, Roman clothing, and the Roman lifestyle were ado pted by local people. As time passed, Roman emperors step by step extended Roman citizenship to all free male adult inhabitants of the empire. F. The rise of Christianity 1. Jesus lived in a society marked by resentment against Roman rule, which had inspired the belief that a Messiah would hold up to liberate the Jews. When Jesus sought to reform Jewish religious practices, the Jewish authorities in capital of Israel turned him over to the Roman governor for execution. 2.After the execution, Jesus disciples continued to spread his teachings they also spread their belief that Jesus had been resurrected. At this point, the target of their proselytizing was their fellow Jews. 3. The target of proselytizing changed from Jews to non-Jews in the 40s-70s C. E. First Paul of Tarsus, an Anatolian Jew, notice that non-Jews (gentiles) were much more receptive to the teachings of Jesus than Jews were. Second, a Jewish revolt in Judaea (66 C. E. ) and the subsequent Roman reconquest destroyed the original Jewish Christian comm consistency in Jerusalem. 4.Christianity grew slowly for two centuries, developing a hierarchy of priests and bishops, hammering out a commonly accepted theological doctrine, and resisting the persecution of Roman functionarys. By the late third century, Christians were a sizeable minority in the Roman Empire. 5. The expansion of Christianity in the Roman empire came at a time when Romans were increasingly dissatisfied with their traditional religion. This dissatisfaction inspired Romans to become interested in a variety of mystery cults and universal creeds that had their origins in the eastern Mediterranean.G. Technology and transformation 1. The Romans were expert military and civil engineers. Among their accomplishments were bridge-building, ballistic weapons, elevated and underground aqueducts, the use of arches and domes, and the invention of concrete. 2. Following Augustus death, the army was organized principally for defense. The Rhine-Da nube frontier was protected by a string efforts long walls protected the frontiers of North Africa and Britain. On the eastern frontier, the Romans fought for centuries against the Parthians. Neither side made any probatory gains. 3.The state system constructed by Augustus worked well until what historians call Romes third-century crisis. The symptoms of this crisis were frequent change of rulers raids by German tribesmen from across the Rhine-Danube frontier and the rise of countryal power when Rome seemed unable to guarantee security. 4. Romes economy was undermined by the eminent cost of defense, debasement of the currency and consequent inflation, a disruption of trade, reversion to a barter economy, disappearance of the municipal aristocracy of the provincial cities, and a stool of population out of the cities and back into the rural areas.5. The emperor Diocletian (r, 284-305) saved the Roman state by instituting a series of reforms that included price controls and regula tions that required certain people to stay in their professions and to train a son to succeed them. Some side effects of these reforms include a flourishing black food market and a growing feeling of resentment against the government. 6. Constantine (r. 306-37) converted to Christianity in 337 and patronized the Christian church, thus modify to the rise of Christianity as the official religion of the empire.Constantine also transferred the capital of the empire from Rome to the eastern city of Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople. II. The Origins of Imperial China, 221 B. C. E. -220 C. E. (We covered very little of this information) A. Resources and population 1. China is a large region marked by significant ecological, topographical, biological, and climatic diversity. 2. The two well-nigh important resources that supported the imperial Chinese state were agricultural production and labor. Agricultural production in China was intensive and was taxed by the government.The m ost productive agricultural region was the Yangzi Valley, which began to be linked to the centers of political power (Changan and Luoyang) by canals. 3. Both the Qin and the Han governments exploited the labor power of rural China by demanding that peasant families supply men for labor and for service in the military. A periodic census and regularly updated records of land and households enabled officials to collect the proper amount of taxes, labor service, and military service. 4. Throughout antiquity, the Han Chinese people expanded at the expense of other ethnic groups.Han expanded into areas that were suitable for settled agriculture. They did not expand into areas that were suitable only for nomadic economies. B. Hierarchy, obedience, and belief 1. The family was the basic unity of society. The family was conceived of as an un stone-broken chain of generations including the ancestors as well as the current generations. Ancestors were thought to take an active interest in the a ffairs of the current generation, and they were routinely consulted, appeased, and venerated. 2.The teachings of Confucius were a fundamental source of values for family, social, and political organization. Confucius regarded hierarchy as natural and placed absolute authority in the hands of the father. Family members were thought of as part of the group, not as individuals. Confucius also believed that people would properly fulfill their roles if they were correctly instructed and imitated good role models. 3. According to the ideals of the upper classes, women were to cook, take care of household chores, respect their parents-in-law, and obey their husbands.Lower-class women may hold back been less constrained. Marriages were arranged, and a new wife had to prove herself to her husband and to her mother-in-law through hard work, obedience, devotion, and by head sons. 4. Chinese believed in a number of nature spirits to whom they sacrificed. Unusual natural phenomena were regard ed as ill omens. The landscape was thought to channel the flow of evil and good power, and experts in fengshui (geomancy) were employed to identify the most fortunate location and orientation for buildings and graves. C. The first Chinese empire 1.After the struggle States Period (480-221 B. C. E. ), the state of Qin united China. Factors that enabled Qin to accomplish reunification may include the ability and ruthlessness of the Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi and his prime minister, Li Si Qins location in the Wei valley with its predominantly rural population of independent farming households and Qins experience in mobilizing manpower for irrigation and flood-control projects, which had strengthened the central government. 2. Upon uniting China, the Qin established a strong centralized state on the Legalist model.Shi Huangdi and Li Si suppressed Confucianism, eliminated rival centers of authority, abolished primogeniture and slavery, and constructed a rural economy of free land-owning/tax -paying farmers. They standardized weights and measures, crease the empire together with roads and defended it with a long wall. 3. The oppressive nature of the Qin regime and its exorbitant demands for taxes and labor led to a number of popular rebellions that overthrew the dynasty after the death of Shi Huangdi in210 B. C. E. D. The long reign of the Han (206 B. c. s. -220 C. E. ) 1.Liu Bang, a peasant who defeated all other contestants for control of China, established the Han dynasty. The Han established a political system that move on both Confucian philosophy and Legalist techniques. 2. After a period of consolidation, the Han went through a period of territorial expansion under Emperor Wu (r. 140-87 B. C. E. ). During the Western Han period (202 B. c. E. -8 C. E. ) the capital was at Changan. During the Eastern Han (23-22 C. E. ) the capital was at Luoyang. 3. Changan was an easily defended walled city with easy access to good arable land.The population in 2 C. E. was 246,0 00. Other cities and towns imitated the urban planning of Changan. 4. The elite ofChangan lived in lived in elegant multistoried houses arranged on broad, well-planned boulevards. They dressed in fine silks, were connoisseurs of art and literature, and indulged in numerous entertainments. The common people lived in fast packed houses in largely unplanned, winding alleys. 5. The emperor was supreme in the state and in society. He was regarded as the Son of Heaven, the link between heaven and the human world. Emperors were the source of law.But anything that went seriously vilify could be interpreted to mean that the emperor was guilty of misrule and that he was losing the Mandate of Heaven. Emperors lived in seclusion, surrounded by a royal retinue that included wives, family, servants, courtiers, and officials. 6. The central government was run by two chief officials and included a number of functionally specialized ministers. Local officials collected taxes, drafted men for corve e labor and military service, and settled local disputes. Most people had no contact with the central government. 7.Local officials were supplied by a class of moderately wealthy, educated local landowners that historians refer to as the gentry. The gentry adopted Confucianism as their ideology and pursued careers in the civil service. E. Technology and trade 1. In the field of metallurgy, China groundbreaking from bronze to iron by about 500 B. C. E. Rather than make wrought-iron goods (as the Romans did), Chinese ironworkers melted the iron and used molds to make harder and more durable cast-iron and steel tools and weapons. 2. Other technological innovations of the Han period include the crossbow, cavalry, the watermill, and the horse collar.New transportation and communications technology included a road system, courier systems for carrying government communications, and canals. 3. The Han period also saw significant growth in the size and number of urban areas. somewhere from 10 to 30 percent of the population of Han China lived in towns. 4. Long-distance commerce was a significant part of the Han economy. The most important export was silk, and the most important export route was the Silk Road through Central Asia. The Chinese government sought to control this route by sending armies and colonists to Central Asia. F. free fall of the Han Empire1. The Han Empires major security problem was the nomadic tribes on its northern border. Nomadic groups were usually low-pitched, but during the Han, the Chinese faced a confederacy of nomads called the Xiongnu. China attempted to deal with the Xiongnu threat by strengthen its defenses (particularly its cavalry) and by making more compliant nomads into tributaries. 2. The Han Empire was undermined by a number of factors. First, the expense of fend for the northern borders was a tremendous financial burden. Second, nobles and merchants built up large landholdings at the expense of the small farmers.These large landholders were able to resist taxation and became independent of government control. Third, the system of military conscription broke down and the central government had to rely on mercenaries whose loyalty was questionable. 3. These factors compounded by factionalism at court, official corruption, peasant uprisings, and nomadic attacks led to the fall of the dynasty in 220 C. E. China entered a period of political atomization that lasted until the late sixth century. III. Imperial Parallels A. Similarities Between the Roman and Han Empires 1.The Han and Roman Empires were similar in respect to their family social system and values, their patterns of land tenure, taxation, and administration, and in their empire building and its consequences for the identity of the conquered areas. 2. Both empires faced common problems in legal injury of defense, and found their domestic economies undermined by their military expenditures. 3. Both empires were overrun by new peoples who were th en deeply influenced by the imperial cultures of Rome and of China. B. Differences Between the Roman and Han Empires 1. In China, the imperial model was revived and the grease of the Han empire re-unified.The former Roman empire was never again reconstituted. 2. Historians have tried to explain this variety by pointing to differences between China and the Roman world in respect to the concept of the individual, the greater course of social mobility in Rome than in Han China, and the different political ideologies and religions of the two empires. Conclusion A. The Qin and the Han were able to combine China and build an empire rapidly because the basis had already been set in the Zhou and Warring States Periods Rome constructed its empire slowly and without precedents to draw upon.B. The Han and the Roman empires maintained and administered large territories and populations by virtue of their ability to organize large professional armies and professional bureaucracies. C. Both em pires provided long periods of peace and prosperity, but they were undermined by the high cost of defense and by the heavy tax burden, which this put on their people. D. The Han dynasty constructed a political system that would be revived and modified by subsequent dynasties the Roman empire was never restored.